Book 16

Lesson 1

ANTICIPATORY �IT� WITH BE

�ç���ҧ����¤             It + Verb �to be� + Adjective or Noun + to + infinitive phrase (��������)

������ҧ                  It�s not a good idea to carry a lot of valuables.  

�ѹ���������Դ���շ��о��Ңͧ�դ�Ҩӹǹ�ҡ�Դ���

It�s difficult to work under pressure.

�ѹ������ͧ�ҡ���зӧҹ������ç���ѹ

��иҹ �It� 㹷���ͧ����¤������������þ��������᷹�������˹����੾�� ���繡�á���Ƕ֧����稨�ԧ���͢�ͤԴ����·����

HAD BETTER

�ç���ҧ����¤             Subject + had better (not) + infinitive without �to�

Had better ����� ��è� �����͡���Ƕ֧��觷������á�з� ���������й����觷���û�Ժѵ� �դ�����������͹ �should� ���� �ought to�

������ҧ                  You had better finish your assignment before it�s due.

                                �س��èзӧҹ������Ѻ�ͺ����������稡�͹��˹���

                                Daisy had better inform her supervisor that she couldn�t come to work today.

                                ഫ���è����¹�����ѧ�Ѻ�ѭ�ҷ�Һ������������ö�ҷӧҹ����ѹ���

Had better ���ٻ����ʸ��� had better not ����ٻ��ͤ�� �d better

������ҧ                  They had better not be late for the interview today. ����

                                They�d better not be late for the interview today.

                                �ǡ������è����������Ѻ��������ɳ���ѹ���

 

WHY DON�T � ? /WHY NOT � ?

�������й������ʹ��������ʹ��ҷ��������˹�觶֧�����Ҩ�������ٻ����¤�Ӷ����������Ӷ������ͧ��äӵͺ�ҡ���繡�äҴ��ѧ�����ѧ��ԺѵԵ�����йӹ��� �ѧ����ç���ҧ������Ѻ��иҹ����ɷ���ͧ��� �You� ��ҹ��

�ç���ҧ����¤             Why don�t +  you ������¡������ٻ Present Simple

                                                Why not + �������� �����繵�ͧ����þ�����˹��

������ҧ                  It�s very hot in here. Why don�t you turn on the air-conditioner?

                                ��ҧ㹹���ҡ����͹�ҡ �س��Ҩ��Դ����ͧ��Ѻ�ҡ������˹���

                                You look exhausted. Why not take a rest?

                                �س���˹�����ҡ ��Ҩоѡ��͹���º�ҧ

*�ѧࡵ����ҡ�ŵç������� ����¤��ѧ�����繤Ӷ����� ������س��� �� ����ʶҹ��ó�����ٴ������ͧ��÷�Һ�ӵͺ���ͧ��������ѧ�ӵ�����ʹ���

PAST PERFECT TENSE

�����Ƕ֧�˵ء�ó��ʹյ����Դ��鹡�͹��Ш�ŧ��͹�ա�˵ء�ó�˹���ʹյ �ѡ����ѹ�Ѻ Past Simple Tense ���դ��ѹ�ҹ���������ͧ�˵ء�ó� �� before, after, when �繵�

�ç���ҧ����¤             Subject + had + past participle (verb ��ͧ��� 3)

������ҧ                  The bus had left before I arrived at the terminal.

                                ö��Шӷҧ�͡仡�͹���ѹ���Ҷ֧ʶҹբ���

                                The students exited the classroom after they had finished their exercises.

                                ������硹ѡ���¹�ҡѹ�͡仨ҡ��ͧ��ѧ�ҡ����Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��������

*�ѧࡵ��ҵ��˹觢ͧ Past Perfect Tense �������͹����� before �����ѧ����� after

  GRAMMAR EXERCISE LESSON 1

Change the sentences like the example.

Example:              Driving while drinking is dangerous.

-                   It�s dangerous to drive while drinking.

1.             Learning how to fly an airplane is a difficult thing to do.

_____________________________________________

2.             Spending time with your family is important.

_____________________________________________

3.             Watching the same movie several times is boring.

_____________________________________________

4.             I�ve witnessed a gun fight and it was terrifying.

_____________________________________________

5.             Exercising regularly is good for your health.

_____________________________________________

Read the sentence then change it using �had better� or �had better not�

1.             If you don�t hurry up, you�ll miss the train.

_____________________________________________

2.             Martin won�t be able to sleep tonight if he drinks any more coffee.

_____________________________________________

3.             If the children don�t finish their homework, their parents won�t allow them to play outside.

_____________________________________________

4.             You will get sick if you don�t take good care of yourself.

_____________________________________________

5.             If Dora breaks any more rules, she�ll be demoted.

_____________________________________________

Read the sentences and make a suggestion or give advice with a question. Use �Why don�t�� or �Why not..� with the word in parentheses.

1.             I�m not feeling very well today. I think I might have a cold.

Why not _____________? (medicine)

2.             My grades are so disappointing this semester.

Why don�t ___________________? (study)

3.             I haven�t seen my parents in almost a year.

Why don�t ___________________? (visit)

4.             My car is running low on gas.

Why not ____________________? (fill up)

5.             I feel very stressed after all the meetings today.

Why don�t ___________________? (relax)

Complete the sentences using the verb in parentheses in the Past Perfect Tense.

1.             Sophie ____________ (live) in Chile before she moved to Spain last year.

2.             The trees were dead because the weather _____________(be) extremely dry for almost a month.

3.             We missed our flight to Hawaii because we ____________ (forget) our passports.

4.             The meeting ___________ (not start) until the chairman arrived.

5.             I __________ (see) this movie before it was released publicly.

VOCABULARY EXERCISE LESSON 1

Fill in the blanks with the given words.

                solution                                service                                   determine

                equipments                           trouble                                   personnel

                careless                                  instructor                              dropped

                crowded                                celebrate                               promotion

1.             He�d better listen to my advice regarding this assignment so that he can avoid getting in _________ with the manager.

2.             This weekend my friend will host a party to ____________ his ______________.

3.             All Thai male citizens are required to take a physical test to __________ whether they are suitable for the military ___________.

4.             The ___________ has prepared all the ____________ needed for the upcoming science presentations.

5.             You had better not be __________ in ___________ places.

6.             The ___________ department has come up with a ___________ to these major problems.

7.             The number of employment in our country has ___________ dropped dramatically this year.