Lesson 2

Vocabulary


Nouns

advertisement     ����ɳ�

           The company recently placed an advertisement in the local newspaper.

               ���������������ѷ��ŧ�ɳ��˹ѧ��;�����ͧ���

air conditioning     ��èѴ�س���������ʺ��

          The air conditioning systems must be maintained regularly.

          �к���û�Ѻ�س���������ʺ�� (�����) ��ͧ���Ѻ��ô�����������

argument     �˵ؼŷ��¡�����ҧ   �Ը���ҧ�˵ؼ�   �����Ի���

          There�s a strong argument for lowering the price.

        ���˵ؼŷ��˹ѡ�蹷��¡�����ҧ����Ŵ�Ҥ�

court     ���

          There was not enough evidence to bring the case to court.

           �������ѡ�ҹ��§�ͷ��й�����ͧ/��չ��仢�����

district     �Ӻ�   ࢵ��鹷��

          She drove around the business district.

          �͢Ѻö�ͺࢵ��áԨ

efficiency   ����Է���Ҿ   ��������ö��зӡԨ

          There are many ways to increase agricultural efficiency in the remote areas of Thailand.         

                �������Ըշ�����������Է���Ҿ�ͧ�ɵá���㹾�鹷����ҧ�Ť�����ԭ�ͧ��

garbage disposal, waste-disposal unit, waste disposer, disposal   (= a machine connected to the waste pipe of a kitchen sink, for cutting food waste into small pieces 1)  ����ͧ��ͷ������Դ�Ѻ��͹�ӷ�����ҧ��ҧ�ҹ ������������������繪���������ͧ���㹡����������

1   =   Oxford Advanced Learner�s Dictionary, International Student�s Edition, 7th Edition, A S Hornby

garbage    ���

              Don�t forget to take out the garbage.

           ���������Ң��价��

lease     ���������   �ѭ�����

             The lease expires next year.

           �ѭ�����������ػ�˹��

paint     ��

           The woodwork has recently been given a fresh coat of paint.

             �ҹ���������Ѻ��÷�������

pet    �ѵ������§

           It is cruel to keep turtles as pets.

          �ѹ�繤����˴���·��й���������ѵ������§㹺�ҹ

privacy    ��������ǹ���

          He read the letter later in the privacy of his own room.

        ����ҹ��������ѧ�ҡ��鹷�����ҧ��������ǹ������ͧ�ͧ���ͧ

real estate     ��ѧ�������Ѿ��

          By investing in the real estate, he was one of the richest men in Russia.

        �¡��ŧ�ع㹸�áԨ��ѧ�������Ѿ�� ����˹��㹺ؤ�ŷ����·���ش�������

utility    �Ҹ�óٻ���

          Public utilities such as gas, electricity and phones

          �Ҹ�óٻ����� ��� 俿�� ���Ѿ��

Ad, ads, an advertisement, classified advertisements, classified ads, classifieds, small ads, want ads      ˹��/��ǹ�ɳ��˹ѧ��;����

 

Verbs

exclude     ï¿½Â¡   �Ѵ�͡�   ��ͧ�ѹ�������Դ

          Try excluding fat from your diet.

           ���������ҷҹ����÷������ѹ

include     ���

          Does the price include tax?

          �Ҥҹ����������������

furnish     ����

          The room was furnished with flowers.

           ��ͧ�١���觴��´͡���

lease     ���

          They lease the land from a local farmer.

           �ǡ����ҷ��Թ�ҡ��ǹҷ�ͧ���

wonder     ʧ���

          She wondered what that noise was.

        ��ʧ���������§��鹤������

 

����

available (�س�Ѿ��)  

       ��Ѻ��觢ͧ ����� �������ö������

          Further information is available on request.

          �����������������ö��������������

        ��Ѻ�ؤ�� ����� ��ҧ   ������

          Will she be available this afternoon?

           �ͨ���ҧ������¹��?

due (�س�Ѿ��) �֧��˹�

          You must also consider when the rent is due each month and make sure you�re able to pay on time.

�س��ͧ�Ԩ�óҴ�����Ҥ����Ҷ֧��˹�������������������͹ ��е�ͧ�����Ҥس����ö���µç����

excluding (�غ��)    ������

           Lunch costs US$ 10 per person, excluding drinks.

               �������á�ҧ�ѹ���Ҥ�  10 ����­���Ѱϵ�ͤ� ����������ͧ����

including (�غ��)     ���

          Ten people were killed in the riot, including a policeman.

        �Ժ���١��ҵ��㹡�á�� ������Ǩ˹�觤�

fairly  (������ɳ�)  ������   ��ԧ

          I know him fairly well, but I wouldn�t say we were really close friends.

        �ѹ�ͨ����ѡ�Ҵ�����������¤��������������͹ʹԷ�ѹ

 private (�س�Ѿ��)   ��ǹ���   ��ǹ�ؤ��

            The sign said, �Private property. Keep out.�

                ���º͡��� ������ǹ�ؤ�� ��������

 public (�س�Ѿ��)   �Ҹ�ó�

             The New York Public Library :

               ��ͧ��ش�Ҹ�óй������

 

Grammar

Introductory clauses for embedded questions    �ӹǹ��������� embedding yes/no questions ���� embedding information questions �� �ӹǹẺ������ͧẺ��� Ẻ����繤Ӷ�����Ẻ����繺͡���� ����

                         Introductory clauses for embedded questions

          questions                                                          statements/answers

Do you know  ����..   ?                        I want to know ��.        I �m not sure ����.

Can you tell me �����?                        I can find out ��..         I can�t tell you ���.

Could you please tell me �..?                  I don�t know ���         I can�t remember ��

Do you have any idea ��...?                     I have no idea ��.        I wonder ����.

 

Embedding yes/no questions   ��͡�ùӻ���¤�Ӷ�� yes/no questions ��ҧ��ѧ�ӹǹ introductory clause ��������Ң�ҧ�� �����§����¤ yes/no questions   ������ٻ�͡����       (statement) ����ҧ if ���� whether ���˹���ٻ�͡���� ��͹�й���ҧ��ѧ�ӹǹ�ѧ�����

 

 

                                                                                      Direct question

                                                                           Is the bank open?

                                                                               embedded question

 

question

 

 

Could you tell me

 

 

whether

    if

 

 

 

  the bank is open

 

 

(or not)

 

 ?

 

Statement

 

 

I don�t know

 

 .

                                                                                

                                                                                      Direct question

                                                                              Do we have class today?

                                                                             embedded question

 

question

 

 

Could you tell me

 

 

whether

     if

 

   we have class today

 

(or not)

 

  ?

 

statement

 

I don�t know

 

   .

 

 

Embedding information questions

��͡�ùӻ���¤�Ӷ������鹵鹴��� wh-questions ��ҧ��ѧ�ӹǹ introductory clauses �����§����¤�Ӷ�� wh-questions �ѧ�����������ٻ�͡���� (statement)

           

                                                                                   Direct question

                                                                           Where is the post office?

                                                                               Embedded question

 

question

 

Could you tell me

 

 

where

 

 

the post office is

 

 ?

 

statement

 

 I can show you

 

 .

 

Exercise

Choose the correct answer

1.   Do you know _______________?

               a.   Willy does have a house

               b.   if Willy has a house           

               c.   doesn�t Willy have a house.

2.   Do you have any idea ______________________?

               a.   where is the bus stop

               b.   if the bus stop is

               c.   where the bus stop is    

3.   I have no idea if ________________.

               a.   we will have enough time      

               b.   will we have enough time

               c.   have we will enough time

4.   Could you please find out _____________?

               a.   can I lease a car

               b.   where can I lease a car

               c.   where I can lease a car       

5.   Real estate means __________.

                a.   utility

                b.   furniture

                c.   property     

6.   Try _____ fat from your diet.

                a.   including

                b.   excluding    

                c.   adding

7.   A public place is open to __________.

                a.   everyone    

                b.   private

                c.   personal

8.  Services such as tap water, electricity, and telephone are called.

                a.   abilities

                b.   welfare

                c.   utilities     

9.   A ______ is an agreement to rent an apartment.

                a.   lease    

                b.   due

                c.   payment

10.   A (n) __________ house includes furniture.

                a.   unfurnished

                b.   furnished        

                c.   decorate

11.   My car isn�t very big, but it was __________ expensive.

                a.   fairly      

                b.   available

                c.   efficient

12.   We sometimes ___________ about life in the future.

               a.   mind

               b.   suspicious

               c.   wonder     

13.   Are there any tennis _______ around here?

               a.   courts    

               b.   sections

               c.   yards

14.   The library book is ___________You�d better return it.

               a.   due    

               b.   check in

               c.   check out

Answer