Lesson3 |
Vocabulary |
Nouns |
announcement �ӻ�С��
Announcements of births,
marriages and deaths appear in some newspapers.
�ӻ�С�ȡ���Դ ����觧ҹ ��õ��
��ҡ��˹ѧ��;����ҧ��Ѻ
national anthem �ŧ�ҵ�
The Thai
anthem was played at the opening and closing ceremonies.
�ŧ�ҵ��¶١���㹡���Դ��лԴ�Ըյ�ҧ�
debt ˹��
I need to pay
off all my debts before I leave the country.
�ѹ���繵�ͧ����˹���������͹���͡�Թ�ҧ�ҡ����ȹ��
discipline �Թ��
Order and
discipline have been placed in the hands of headmasters and governing bodies.
���������Թ���������ͧ͢����Ë���н��»���ͧ
position ʶҹ��ó� ������� ���˹�
This put me in a
difficult position.
��觹������ѹ�����ʶҹз���Ӻҡ�
The party�s position on education reform.
������繢ͧ��ä�����ͧ����ٻ����֡��
He held a senior position in this company.
���յ��˹�������㹺���ѷ
Verbs |
retreat (from danger/defeat) ���
The troop
retreated after suffering heavy losses.
�ͧ�Ѿ��Ҷ����ѧ�ҡ����Ù���·������Ë�
confirm �׹�ѹ
Please telephone
before Sunday to confirm your reservation.
��س����ҡ�͹�ѹ�ҷԵ�������׹�ѹ��èͧ�ͧ��ҹ
discipline �ס���������º�Թ��
He disciplined
himself to exercise at least three times a week.
���ס����ͧ���������º�Թ�����͡���ѧ������ҧ�����ѻ�������������
display �ʴ�������
When flags of
different nations are displayed or carried together, international law requires
the flags to be the same size and flown at the same height. 1
����͸��ͧ�ҵԵ�ҧ�١�Ѵ�ʴ������¡ѹ �����ѡ�������ҡš�˹���Ҹ�����ҹ�鹵�ͧ�բ�Ҵ��ҡѹ����դ����٧�дѺ���ǡѹ
fly
(��)⺡����������ҡ��
US flags are
flown outside schools, office buildings, on military bases, and often outside
homes.1
���ҵ����Ѱ�⺡��������͡�ç���¹
�Ҥ��ʶҹ�Ҫ��� �ҹ�Ѿ ��к��¤��駷����繵����ҹ
1
= American Language Course,
Second Edition, Book 17, Defense Language Institute, English
Language Center, page 82
gather ��������
Before the
Secretary General leaves for Freelander, officials from NATO countries will
gather for an international luncheon on Wednesday.1
��͹����ŢҸԡ�è��͡�Թ�ҧ��ѧ����Ź���� ���˹�ҷ��ҡ�ҵԡ��������������Ѻ��зҹ����á�ҧ�ѹ��ѹ�ظ
indicate �ʴ� ���͡ ��
The results are
indicated in table 2.
���Ѿ��١�ʴ����㹵��ҧ����ͧ
participate ����ǹ����
She didn�t
participate in the discussion.
�����������ǹ����㹡����Ի���
place �ҧ
They place their
right hand over their heart.1
�ǡ���ҧ��͢����麹����
1
= American Language Course,
Second Edition, Book 17, Defense Language Institute, English
Language Center, page 82
precede �ҡ�͹ ����˹�� ��˹�� ������ӴѺ��͹
See the
preceding chapter.
�ٺ���͹˹�ҹ��
protect ����ͧ
Each company is
fighting to protect its own commercial interests.
���к���ѷ���ѧ���������ͻ���ͧ�Ż���ª��ҧ��ä�Ңͧ��
support ʹѺʹع
These measures are strongly supported by environmental groups.
�ҵá������ҹ�����Ѻ���ʹѺʹع���ҧ�ҡ�ҡ������Էѡ������Ǵ����
�Ӥس�Ѿ�� (adjectives)
disciplined ���������º�Թ��
Soldiers are
disciplined people.
�����繺ؤ�ŷ��������º�Թ��
formal �繾Ը� ���Ẻ
He kept the tone of letter formal and businesslike.
���ѡ���дѺ�ͧ����������繷ҧ�����и�áԨ
(������ӹǹẺ�ѹ�ͧ)
official ��觷ҧ��� �繷ҧ��� ����ǡѺ�ҧ���
According to the official figures, over one thousand people died during
the revolution.
�������Ţ����繷ҧ��� ���ҡ����˹�觾ѹ��������ҧ����ѵ�
mandatory ����繡�úѧ�Ѻ
It is mandatory for blood banks to test all donated blood for the virus.
������ͧ�ѧ�Ѻ����Ѻ��Ҥ�����ʹ����ͧ��Ǩ�����������ʹ������Ѻ��ú�ԨҤ��
Exercise |
1
Don�t
ask Tim to bring the report. He�s not very ______.
a.
dependable
b.
messy
c.
clever
2
The
guards will ____ in the hall for a meeting with their supervisor.
a.
display
b.
gather
c.
together
3
It�s
______ for junior officers to salute senior officers.
a.
mandatory
b.
must
c.
obligatoire
4
Lunch
is at noon. English class was at 1300. Lunch ________ English class.
a.
precedes
b.
follows
c.
advances
5
Lieutenant
Joe follows all the rules and regulations. He�s a _____ officer.
a.
discipline
b.
regulated
c.
disciplined
6
The
Prime Minister will make an important ______ today at 1500.
a.
exhibit
b.
announcement
c.
display
7
The
air force _______ the navy from the air.
a.
supports
b.
supporter
c.
supporting
8
The
party is very ______. Please wear a jacket and tie.
a.
unformal
b.
formal
c.
private
9
All
_______ documents of this school must be signed by the director.
a.
disciplined
b.
official
c.
must
10
How
many students are _______ in the parade today?
a.
participating
b.
associating
c.
indicating
11
The
penguins huddled together to ______ themselves from the wind.
a.
protect
b.
support
c.
detect
12
Don�t
use a credit card too often or you�ll soon have a big _______.
a. debt
b. diet
c. deem
Tag Question |
Tag Question ��ͻ���¤����Сͺ�����ͧ��ǹ
��ǹ�á�繤ӡ���� (statement) ����Ҩ�С���Ǻ͡�������͡���ǻ���ʸ
��ǹ��ѧ (tag or tail) �繤Ӷ���������ѡ���
�����ǹ�á�繺͡����
��ǹ��ѧ���繤Ӷ������ʸ
(Affirmative
clause)
(Negative
tag question)
She is beautiful,
isn�t
she?
�����ǹ�á�繻���ʸ
��ǹ��ѧ���繤Ӷ���͡����
(negative clause)
(affirmative tag question)
She isn�t
beautiful,
is she?
��ͤ������ǹ�á���繺͡�������ͻ���ʸ�������Ѻ�����㨢ͧ���ٴ
��Ҽ��ٴ��ѧ����ӵͺ yes �Ҩ�����ǹ�á�繺͡����
�������ǹ�á�繻���ʸ���ʴ����������㨢ͧ���ٴ
����Ѻ���ͺ �ͺ����������ԧ������ͧ�ӹ֧�֧�ѡɳТͧ�Ӷ�� 2 (page363)
����¤��ǹ�á����դ� none never nothing , etc. ��Сͺ����
��ǹ tag ���繺͡���� (affirmative)
No mugs were broken, were they?
Nothing is missing, is it?
�˹ѧ��� ALC book 17 page 72 �������Ҷ���дѺ���§
(intonation) ���ǹ����¤ tag �� (falling)
���ٴ��ѧ��Ҽ��ѧ����繴��¡Ѻ��
�� You forgot, didn�t you? ���§��
����дѺ���§���ǹ tag ����٧ ���ٴ��������һ���¤��ǹ�á (statement)
����Ҿٴ�١��ͧ�������
�� We
have a meeting at 7, don�t we? ���§����٧
Exercise |
1
Our
school has too many students, _________ it?
a.
does
b. has
c. doesn�t
2
She
has never been late, ______ she?
a.
does
b. hasn�t
c. has
3
He
should get a hair cut, ______ he?
a. should
b. shouldn�t
c. doesn�t
Although though even though ������������� ������Ҕ �繤������͹ػ���¤ (clause) �繤�
conjunction of contrast ��ͤӷ�����������¢Ѵ���
���ҧ���˹��͹ػ���¤������ information clause
Conjunction of contrast +
information clause
,
surprising fact clause
Although the sign says No Parking , she parked next
to it.
Though the sign says No Parking , she parked next
to it.
Even though the sign says No Parking , she parked next
to it.
�����Ҩ��¹����¤��������
She parked next to the sign though it says No Parking.
Shorten embedded questions
to infinitive phrases1 (page 88)
Embedded question clauses ����� should, could, can ��Сͺ���� ����öŴ�ٻ�� to-infinitive phrases ��
Main clause
embedded question clause to-infinitive
phrase
what I
should do
what to do
when we
can leave when to leave
I don�t know how
I
could fix it how to fix it
Do you know who/whom we
could ask
who/whom to ask
which bus I
can take which bus to take
whose plan we should
follow
whose plan to follow
Match the clause in column
A with column B
column A
column B
1 He was wondering which job offer
___ though she�s been
on a diet for months.
2 She has no idea which bag ___ she doesn�t anymore.
3 Even though she used to enjoy
cooking, ___
I�ll have another slice of
your cheese cake.
4 Though I�m already full, ___ she can throw away.
5 She hasn�t lost any weight,
___ he should accept.
Reference
1 = American Language Course
Second Edition book17, Defense Language Institute, English Language Center
2 = Grammar and Techniques of the
English Language 1999 Edition. Lert Kesorncam, Thaiwatanaphanich