Lesson 1

PAST PASSIVE VOICE WITH BE

����¤ active voice ��ͻ���¤����иҹ�繼���ʴ�����Ҵ��µ��ͧ ��㹻���¤������ҧ Lt. Hill �Ѻ����ͧ�Թ Lt. Hill �繼���зӡ���ҢѺ����ͧ�Թ���µ��ͧ
����¤ passive voice ��ͻ���¤����иҹ�繼��١��з� ��㹻���¤������ҧ ����ͧ�Թ�١�Ѻ �١�����Թ�� Lt. Hill

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
Correlative conjunctions ���繤������������ӹ�� �Ӥس�Ѿ�� �ӡ��������ɳ� �ӡ���� ��� ��� ͹ػ���¤
Both ……….and  ����ͧ���ҧ
He is both tired and hungry.
�ҷ���˹����������
Not only …………but also   �����§��  ....... ���ѧ
He is not only tired but also hungry.
�������§���˹���� ���ѧ��Ǵ���
Either …..or  ���ҧ����ҧ˹�� (���͡���ҧ����ҧ˹��)
You can take this pencil or that one.
= You can take either this pencil or that one.
�س����ö���͡��ҴԹ�������˹����ͧ�觹�����
Neither …… nor   ������ͧ (������͡����ͧ���ҧ)
Capt Danai drives neither carelessly nor fast.
�����͡���¢Ѻö������ҷ����������
����� either …. or  ��� neither …. nor ������ӹ������繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤ ����ҨС�Ш�µ����иҹ���������� ��
Neither John nor I am happy with this agreement.

INDIRECT SPEECH
�������¹����¤ direct speech ����繻���¤�Ӷ����鹵鹴��¤� question words ����� indirect speech ���ʴ��Ӷ�� (question words) �������¹�ŧ  ����� present tense ������¹�� past tense     pronoun ��� possessive adjective  ����¹�ҡ����ɷ��˹�������ͧ�繺���ɷ����� ¡��鹡óշ����ٴ���һ���¤��赹�ͧ�ٴ (������ͧ�������¹����¤ direct speech �繻���¤ indirect speech �ѧ�����)

������ҧ��� 1
Direct speech          Ann :  “What is the matter, Jim?”
(present tense)
Indirect speech       Ann asked (Jim)  what the matter was.
�ҡ������ҧ��� 1 ���ʴ��Ӷ�� what 㹻���¤ direct speech ���ѧ�������������¹�ŧ����ͻ���¤�١����¹�� indirect speech    tense �������� present simple tense “is” ��ͧ����¹仵������������ past simple tense “was”

������ҧ��� 2
Direct speech          Ann : “Why are you so late, Jim?”
(present tense)
Indirect speech        Ann asked (Jim) why he was so late.
�ҡ������ҧ��� 2 ���ʴ��Ӷ�� why 㹻���¤ direct speech �������¹�ŧ
Tense �������� present simple tense “are” ����¹�� past simple tense “was”
��þ��� pronoun “you” ����¹�� “he”

������ҧ��� 3
Direct speech          Jim asked Ann, “How can I repair my car?”
Ann asked Jim, “What did you say?”
Jim answered, “I asked you how I could repair my car.”
Direct speech          I said, “How can I repair my car?”
Indirect speech        I asked (myself) how I could repair my car.
㹵�����ҧ��� 3 ���ʴ��Ӷ�� “How” �������¹�ŧ
Present simple tense “can” ����¹�� past simple tense “could”
Pronoun ��� possessive adjective “I” ��� “my” �������¹�ŧ�����繻�иҹ�������Ңͧ㹻���¤ direct speech “How can I repair my car”   “I” �繼�����һ���¤��赹�ͧ�ٴ  ����¤ indirect speech 㹡óչ�����þ�����Ф��ʴ���������Ңͧ�֧����ͧ�ա������¹�ŧ

GRAMMAR EXERCISE LESSON 1   

Change the sentence from active to passive.
1.    The students typed the reports.
____________________________ .
2.    Captain Pairoj planned the strategy.
______________________________ .
3.    Dr. Supicha prescribed this medicine.
_______________________________ .

Change the sentence from passive to active.
1.    The crops were damaged by the freezing weather.
_____________________________________ .
2.    When was the tour to Denver cancelled by the manager?
_____________________________________ ?
3.    Some of the students weren’t accepted by the university.
_____________________________________ .

Combine the sentences. Use the words in parentheses.
1.    He could not come. He did not want to. (either / or)
______________________________________ .
2.    Joe went to Dallas. Betty went to Dallas. (both / and)
________________________________.
3.    Jim doesn’t know how to drive. Dave doesn’t know how to drive. (neither ….nor)
_________________________________.
4.    The food in that Thai restaurant is terrible. It’s expensive , too. (not only…….but also)
______________________________ .

Read the dialogs; then answer the questions.
1.    Dave :     What time is it?
Tim :        It’s 11: 00.
What did Dave ask Tim?
He asked him …………………….
2.    Tom :     Whose car is that?
Joe :       I don’t know, but it sure is nice.
What did Tom ask Joe?
He asked him ………………..
3.    Col Danai :     Why does Sergeant Tom wear his civilian clothes to work?
Sergeant Dave :     He’s working on a special assignment, sir.
What did Col Danai ask Sergeant Dave?
He asked him ……………….
4.    Helen :     Which science courses are you taking?
Alex :        I’m taking biology and chemistry.
What did Helen ask Alex?
She asked him …………………
5.    Ted :     Hey, Joe, what time are you leaving today?
Joe :     I’m leaving at 5: 30 today.
What did Ted ask Joe?
He asked him ………….. .

VOCABULARY EXERCISE LESSON 1
Fill in the blank with the given words.

biology                                           sociology                                           qualifications
eligible                                           acquired                                             academic
active duty                                     ineligible                                            anthropology
economics                                graduate                                          commissioned

1.    Cadets at the Naval Academy study in the dormitories, library, or …….. building from 8 : 00
to 11 : 00 p.m.
2.    My English teacher has  …………   a good knowledge of English.
3.    Somchai wants to acquire his college education at the Royal Thai Naval Academy. He will be   
on  ……………  in the Navy from the time he begins his studies there. When he becomes a 
……. he will be  ………    as an ensign in the Royal Thai Navy.
4.    When are Thai people  ………  to vote?
5.    Thai women are  …….. to attend the military academies.
6.    Leadership and good character are ones of the  …………. for a candidate to the Academy.
7.   …………..*  is the study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefs.
8.    ………….*  is the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behavior.
9.    ………….*  is the study of how a society organizes its money, trade and industry.
10.  ………….*  is the scientific study of the life and structure of plants and animals.

*Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English AS Hornby, seventh edition, Oxford University Press

ANSWER KEY
GRAMMAR EXERCISE LESSON 1   

Change the sentence from active to passive.
       1.    The students typed the reports.
              The reports were typed by the students.
       2.    Captain Pairoj planned the strategy.
              The strategy was planned by Captain Pairoj.
       3.    Dr. Supicha prescribed this medicine.
              This medicine was prescribed by Dr. Supicha.

Change the sentence from passive to active.
       1.    The crops were damaged by the freezing weather.
              The freezing weather damaged the crops.
       2.    When was the tour to Denver cancelled by the manager?
              When did the manager cancel the tour to Denver?
       3.    Some of the students weren’t accepted by the university.
              The university didn’t accept some of the students.

Combine the sentences. Use the words in parentheses.
1.    He could not come. He did not want to. (either / or)
       Either he could not come or he did not want to.
2.    Joe went to Dallas. Betty went to Dallas. (both / and)
       Both Joe and Betty went to Dallas.
3.    Jim doesn’t know how to drive. Dave doesn’t know how to drive. (neither ….nor)
       Neither Jim nor Dave knows how to drive.
4.    The food in that Thai restaurant is terrible. It’s expensive , too. (not only…….but also)
       The food in that Thai restaurant is not only terrible but also expensive.

Read the dialogs; then answer the questions.
1.    Dave :     What time is it?
       Tim :        It’s 11:00.
        What did Dave ask Tim?
        He asked him …………………… what time it was.
2.    Tom :     Whose car is that?
        Joe :       I don’t know, but it sure is nice.
        What did Tom ask Joe?
        He asked him ……………….whose car that was.
3.    Col Danai :     Why does Sergeant Tom wear his civilian clothes to work?
       Sergeant Dave :     He’s working on a special assignment, sir.
       What did Col Danai ask Sergeant Dave?
        He asked him ………………why Sergeant Tom wore his civilian clothes to work.
4.    Helen :     Which science courses are you taking?
       Alex :        I’m taking biology and chemistry.
       What did Helen ask Alex?
       She asked him ………………..which science courses he was taking.
5.    Ted :     Hey, Joe, what time are you leaving today?
       Joe :     I’m leaving at 5: 30 today.
       What did Ted ask Joe?
        He asked him ………….. what time he was leaving.

 
VOCABULARY EXERCISE LESSON 1
Fill in the blank with the given words.

biology                                          sociology                                           qualifications
eligible                                          acquired                                            academic
active duty                                    ineligible                                           anthropology
economics                                graduate                                        commissioned

1.    Cadets at the Naval  Academy study in the dormitories, library, or, academic  building  from  
8 : 00  to 11 : 00 p.m.
2.    My English teacher has  acquired a good knowledge of English.
3.    Somchai wants to acquire his college education at the Royal Thai Naval  Academy. He will
be on   active duty in the Navy from the time he begins his studies there. When he becomes a
       graduate, he will be commissioned as an ensign in the Royal Thai Navy.
4.    When are Thai people   eligible to vote?
5.     Thai women are  ineligible  to attend the military academies.
6.    Leadership and good character are ones of the  qualifications for a candidate to the
Academy.
7.    Anthropology* is the study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs
and beliefs.
8.     Sociology* is the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social
behavior.
9.    Economics* is the study of how a society organizes its money, trade and industry.
10.  Biology* is the scientific study of the life and structure of plants and animals.

*Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English AS Hornby, seventh edition, Oxford University Press