Lesson 2


�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.expatforum.com/expats/thailand-expat-forum-expats-living-thailand/85612-2011-weather-storms-floods-4.html

Flood waters are so deep that the bus breaks down.

����֡�ҡ���¨�ö��ʾѧ

 

Grammar: so...(that)/such...(that)

(���ҡó�: ...�ҡ���¨�...

 

㹢�з��  too+adv/adj+ to infinitive ���¶֧ ���ëѡ���ҧ����ѹ�ҡ�Թ����ǡ������Դ�ػ��ä㹡�÷����úҧ���ҧ  �ç���ҧ so...(that)/such...(that) ���繡�ú͡������ëѡ���ҧ�ѹ�ҡ���¨��觼ŵ����

 


�Ҿ�ҡ http://blogs.reuters.com/photographers-blog/tag/thailand/

 


Surasak is a very optimistic person.

He can have fun with everything.

 

Surasak is such a very optimistic person that he can have fun with everything.

 

����ѡ����ҧ�繤��ͧ�š�����ҡ���¨�����öʹء�Ѻ�ء����

My dog is precious to me.

I have to evacuate him to the safe place.

 

My dog is so precious to me that

I have to evacuate him

to the safe place.

 

��ͧ��Ңͧ�ѹ�դ�ҡѺ�ѹ�ҡ���¨��ѹ��ͧ;¾������㹷�����ʹ���


�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ne6fKmnhYBM

 

 

 

��ѡ���

 

�ç���ҧ

������ҧ

1. -such + a/an + adj. + noun/noun phrase + that

      -such + adj. + plural noun + that

-Surasak is such an optimistic person (that) he can have fun with everything.

����ѡ����繤��ͧ�š�����ҡ���¨�����öʹء��Ѻ�ء���

 

-Bangkok is such a busy city (that) it is recognized as the city that never sleeps.

��ا෾������ͧ���������ҡ���¨��繷�����ѡ��������ͧ����������Ѻ

 

-Royal Thai Navy officers are such brave soldiers (that) they are not afraid of terrorism.

��·��������¹�鹡����ҭ�ҡ���¨�����ç���ǵ�͡�á�͡������

2. so + adj./adv. + that

-My dog is so precious (that) I cannot live without.

��ͧ��Ңͧ�ѹ�դ���ҡ���¨��ѹ�������ö�ժ��Ե�����»��Ȩҡ����

 

-I love my dog so dearly (that) I cannot leave him behind.

�ѹ�ѡ��Ңͧ�ѹ�ҡ���¨��������ö��������

3. so + much/many/few/little + noun/noun phrase + that

-I have so little opportunity (that) I finally give up.

�ѹ���͡�ʹ���������Թ��㹷���ش�ѹ�������ԡ��������

 

-Cherry has spent so many hours of study (that) she can remember every word in the book.

�������������ҹ�������ª���������¨�����ö����ء���˹ѧ���

�����˵� ����ö¡��� that 㹻���¤��

 

Match the first part of the sentences in left column to the second part of the sentences in right column

���Ѻ�����ǹ�á�ͧ����¤�Ѻ��ǹ����ͧ�ͧ����¤���١��ͧ

1. Steve and Michael are such good workers

a. he doesn't want to go home.

2. Today, Bella dresses so beautifully

b. he couldn't leave office before 7 p.m.

3. �Slumdog Millionaire� is such a good movie

c. they can make their guests feel relaxed.

4. Mary has so little time

d. they don't want to come back.

5. Ben is having such a good time in Bangkok

e. no new ideas can be accepted.

6. The hosts are so friendly

f. I cannot recognize her.

7. Tony had so many things to do

g. their employers give them a week off.

8. The Smiths had such a bad experience in Bangkok flood

h. no one can reason with him.

9. Arthur is so stubborn

i. she cannot complete her project.

10. The organization is so conservative

j. it won 8 Oscars.

 

���

1.       Steve and Michael are such good workers that their employers give them a week off.

ʵտ���������繾�ѡ�ҹ�����ҡ���¨���ҹ�����ǡ����ش�ҹ�� 1 �ѻ����

2.       Today, Bella dresses so beautifully that I cannot recognize her.

�ѹ���������觵���������¨������������

3.       �Slumdog Millionaire� is such a good movie that it won 8 Oscars.

�Slumdog Millionaire� ���Ҿ¹�������ҡ���¨�����ҧ�ѹ��ʡ���֧ 8 �ҧ���

4.       Mary has so little time that she cannot complete the project.

����������ҹ������¨���з�����������ö����ਤ������

5.       Ben is having such a good time in Bangkok that he doesn't want to go home.

ູ���ѧ�ժ�ǧ���Ҵ��㹡�ا෾����¨������ҡ��Ѻ��ҹ

6.       The hosts are so friendly that they can make their guests feel relaxed.

����Ҿ�դ������Ե��ҡ�������ᢡ�ͧ�ǡ������֡��͹����

7.       Tony had so many things to do that he couldn't leave office before 7 p.m.

ⷹ�����觵�ͧ������������¨���з�����������ö�͡�ҡ���ӧҹ���͹ 1 ����

8.       The Smiths had such a bad experience in Bangkok flood that they don't want to come back.

��ͺ������Է�ջ��ʺ��ó������������˵ء�ó��ӷ�����ا෾���¨���з�觾ǡ�������ҡ��Ѻ�ҷ�����ա

9.       Arthur is so stubborn that no one can reason with him.

�������繤��������ҡ���¨�����������˵ؼŷ������������

10.   The organization is so conservative that no new ideas can be accepted.

ͧ��ù���դ���͹��ѡ������٧���¨������Դ�����������Ѻ�������Ѻ

 

Grammar: Asking about degree with how + adj./adv.

 

 


�Ҿ�ҡ

http://rapgenius.com/Domo-genesis-mission-statement-lyrics#note-395984

 

 

 



A: How tall is he?

B: He is tall enough to touch the hoop without jumping.

 

A: ���٧���˹

B: �٧�ͷ�������ǧ���·������ͧ���ⴴ

 

��ö���֧�дѺ (degree) ����ö���ç���ҧ How + adj./adv. ��  ��С�ú͡�֧�дѺ���մ��¡ѹ�����Ը�  �ͧ�֡�ҨҡẺ�֡�Ѵ��ҹ��ҧ

 

Match the questions in left column to the answers in right column.

���Ѻ������¤�Ӷ���Ѻ����¤�ӵͺ���١��ͧ 

1. How sick was your grandmother?

a. Six stories high.

2. How cold is it?

b. They are such definite plans that he's already applied for 5 universities.

3. How well can he sing?

c. It's cold enough to kill the crops.

4. How difficult is it to learn dancing?

d. Not near enough to walk to the office.

5. How fast does the new plane travel?

e. Not as often as I'd like.

6. How tall is the new headquarters?

f. Too many!

7. How definite are his plans to further his study?

g. She was so sick that she had to go to the hospital.

8. How near do you live?

h. It isn't as difficult as I expected.

9. How many people were at the party last night?

i. Faster than light.

10. How often do you travel abroad?

j. So well that he can win �The Voice.�

 

���

�Ӷ��

�ӵͺ

How sick was your grandmother?

�س��Ҥس���¢�Ҵ�˹

 She was so sick that she had to go to the hospital.

�ͻ����ҡ���¨���ͧ����ç��Һ��

How cold is it?

�ѹ˹�Ǣ�Ҵ�˹�ѹ

It's cold enough to kill the crops.

�ѹ��繾ͷ��з����ż�Ե�ת�ѡ��·������

How well can he sing?

����ͧ�ŧ������˹

So well that he can win �The Voice.�

��ͧ��բ�Ҵ���Ъ�С�û�СǴ��¡�� The Voice

How difficult is it to learn dancing?

������¹�����ѹ�ҡ���˹

It isn't as difficult as I expected.

�ѹ������ҡ���ҧ���ѹ�Ҵ

How fast does the new plane travel?

����ͧ�Թ������Թ�����Ǣ�Ҵ�˹

Faster than light.

���ǡ������§

How tall is the new headquarters?

�֡�ͧ�ѭ�ҡ�õ֡�����٧���˹

Six stories high.

�٧��Ҵ�֡ 6 ���

How definite are his plans to further his study?

Ἱ��ó�㹡�����¹��ͧ͢����͹��Ҵ�˹

They are such definite plans that he's already applied for 5 universities.

Ἱ�����͹�ҡ�֧��Ҵ�����Ѥ��� 5 ����Է���������

How near do you live?

�س������颹Ҵ�˹

Not near enough to walk to the office.

������ͷ����Թ�ҷӧҹ

How many people were at the party last night?

����ͤ׹�դ���������������Т�Ҵ�˹

Too many!

�����Թ�

How often do you travel abroad?

�س�Թ�ҧ仵�ҧ����Ⱥ��¢�Ҵ�˹

Not as often as I'd like.

���������ҧ�����ҡ�

 

 

Grammar: adverbial connectives (effects/results)

(���ҡó�: ���������ʴ����Ѿ��)

 

�͡�ҡ���� �ç���ҧ so...(that)/such...(that) �繡�ú͡�֧�ŷ����������  ����� adv ����˹�ҷ�����������¤ 2 ����¤��������¡ѹ  �ѧ����ö���ʴ����Ѿ�����Դ�����

 

 


�Ҿ�ҡ http://birthdayshoes.com/teva-nilch-review-barefoot-minimalist-shoes

 

 

 

 

Rubber is flexible; thus, it can be bent.

 

�ҧ����դ�����͹���

�֧����ö�١�Ѵ����駧���

 

 

The pickle jar is watertight. Therefore, water can't get in or out.

 

�Ǵ��żѡ�ͧ��鹡ѹ����� �ѧ��鹹�Ө֧�������ö��ҹ����͡�Ǵ�����

 


�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.squidoo.com/how-to-canning-jars

 

 

��ö������ǡѺ�дѺ (degree) ����ö��з��������ç���ҧ How + adj./adv.  ��С�ú͡�дѺ (degree) ������ö��з��������Ը�  �ͧ�֡�Ҩҡ������ҧ��ҹ��ҧ

 

��ѡ���

������������¤���� adverbial connectives ���͡�֧�Ţͧ��á�з�  ����ö���� 2 �Ը�  �ͧ�ѧࡵبҡ������ҧ��ҹ��ҧ

Ẻ��� 1

Ẻ��� 2

Rubber is flexible;

as a result,

it can be bent.

Rubber is flexible.

As a result,

it can be bent.

thus,

Thus,

therefore,

Therefore,

consequently,

Consequently,

���������ҵ��˹�㹡���ҧ adverbial connectives �ͧ��� 2 Ẻ�������͹�ѹ  ��ҧ�ѹ�ç�������ͧ������ä�͹��ҹ�� (punctuation)

 

Match the causes in left column to the results in right column and combine them with adverbial connectives.

���Ѻ������¤����ʴ����˵ءѺ����¤����ʴ����Ѿ�����١��ͧ  ������������¤����ҹ�����١��ͧ���� adverbial connectives

1. One property of rubber is elasticity

a. it's full of useful substances.

2. When you seal a jar

b. it is not allowed to get in.

3. These flowers are artificial

c. I can't resist buying it.

4. The dog is soaked by the rain

d. they can last for years.

5. The dress is stunning

e. I have to buy another one online.

6. The orange juice is freshly squeezed

f. rubber can stretch.

7. I lost the original copy of the book

g. it is very expensive.

8. The sofa is made of real leather

h. water cannot get through it.

9. Captain Winnie is 59 years old

i.the air cannot go inside it.

10. The pair of boots is waterproof

j. she hardly has any time left before her retirement.

 

���

1.       One property of rubber is elasticity so it can stretch.

�س���ѵ���ҧ˹�觢ͧ�ҧ��ͤ����״����  �ѧ����ѹ�֧�١�֧�״��

2.       When you seal a jar, the air cannot go inside it.

����ͤس��֡�Ǵ�������  �ҡ�Ȩ����������

3.       These flowers are artificial; consequently, they can last for years.

�͡�������ҹ���繢ͧ����  �ѧ����ѹ�֧����ö���������������»�

4.       Since the dog is soaked by the rain, it is not allowed to get in.

���й�ͧ�����¡⪡���н�  �ѹ�֧������Ѻ͹حҵ�������Ң�ҧ�

5.       I can't resist buying the dress because it is stunning. (���� because of its stunning quality)

�ѹ����Ҩ�������������ͪش�����  �����ѹ����дش�� (�������Ф�������дش�Ңͧ�ѹ)

6.       The orange juice is freshly squeezed. As a result, it's full of useful substances.

�����������ʴ�����  �ѧ��� �ѹ�֧���仴�����÷���ջ���ª��

7.       �Because I lost the original copy of the book, I have to buy another one online. (���� Because of losing the original copy of the book, I have to buy another one online)

���Щѹ��˹ѧ��ͩ�Ѻ���������  �ѹ��µ�ͧ�����ա�����ҧ�͹�Ź� (���� ���С�÷��ѹ��˹ѧ��ͩ�Ѻ���������  �ѹ��µ�ͧ�����ա�����ҧ�͹�Ź�)

8.       The sofa is made of real leather. Hence, it is very expensive.

⫿ҵ�ǹ��Өҡ˹ѧ��  �ѧ��� �ҤҶ֧�٧

9.       Captain Winnie is 59 years old; therefore, she hardly has any time left before her retirement.

�.�.�깹������ 59 ��  �ѧ��� �֧ͨ������������ա����ҡ��͹���³�����Ҫ���

10.   The pair of boots is waterproof. Then, water cannot get through it.

�ͧ��Һ�鷤����ѹ���  �ѧ��� ��Ө֧�������ö��ҹ������

 

�ҡ��� �����������Ըա����¹�ʴ��˵���м�������Ẻ  �ͧ�֡�Ҩҡ������ҧ����ͧ�觻���¤���¹Ẻ������ҧ��ҧ���������Դ�����ӹҭ

 

Grammar: present perfect passive

㹢�з�� Active Voice �����ٻ����¤����иҹ�繤���зӡ�����ͧ  Passive ����㹡óշ���иҹ�繼��١��з� 

 

Gavin blows the balloon.


�Ҿ�ҡhttp://www.soatothecloud.com/2009/10/when-elasticity-is-bad-thing.html

The balloon is blown by Gavin.

 

��ѡ���

������������¤���� adverbial connectives ���͡�֧�Ţͧ��á�з�  ����ö���� 2 �Ը�  �ͧ�ѧࡵبҡ������ҧ��ҹ��ҧ

 

Active

Passive

Tense

Subject

Main verb

Object

Subject

Verb to be

Past participle (v3)

(by ___)

Present Simple

Gavin

blows

the balloon.

The balloon

is

blown

(by Gavin).

Past Simple

blew

was

Present Progressive

is blowing

is being

Past Progressive

was blowing

was being

Present Perfect

has blown

has been

Past Perfect

had blown

had been

Present Perfect Progressive

has been blowing

has been being

Past Perfect Progressive

had been blowing

had been being

Future Simple

will blow

will be

Future Progressive

will be blowing

will be being

Future Perfect

will have blown

will have been

Future Perfect Progressive

will have been blowing

will have been being

 

Decide whether these sentences are active or passive.

���͡��һ���¤����ҹ���� active ���� passive

Sentences

Active

Passive

1. The soldier was killed in Gulf war.

 

 

2. The table has been designed for kids.

 

 

3. All products will bring a lot of money to the company.

 

 

4. Using mobile phones during class is prohibited.

 

 

5. The unit has been ordered to retreat.

 

 

���

1.       The soldier was killed in Gulf war.

���ä���鹶١����ʧ��������

 

�繻���¤ passive  ���л�иҹ�ͧ����¤ (the soldier) �١��з�  㹷������ �١��� ���tense �� past simple

 

2.       The table has been designed for kids.

��е�ǹ�鹶١�͡Ẻ������Ѻ��

 

�繻���¤ passive  ���л�иҹ�ͧ����¤ (the table) �١��з�  㹷������ �١�͡Ẻ ���tense �� present perfect

 

3.       All products will bring a lot of money to the company.

��Ե�ѳ��������й��Թ��������ѷ�ӹǹ�ҡ

 

�繻���¤ active  ���л�иҹ�ͧ����¤ (all product) �繤���зӡ�����ͧ  㹷������ ���Թ�� ���tense �� future simple

 

4.       Using mobile phones during class is prohibited.

��������Ѿ����Ͷ�����ͧ���¹��鹶١����

 

�繻���¤ passive  ���л�иҹ�ͧ����¤ (using mobile phones during class) �١��з�  㹷������ �١���� ���tense �� present simple

 

5.       The unit has been ordered to retreat.

˹��¹�鹶١��������

 

�繻���¤ passive  ���л�иҹ�ͧ����¤ (the unit) �١��з�  㹷������ �١��� ���tense �� present perfect