Lesson 2
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Flood waters are so deep that the bus breaks
down. ����֡�ҡ���¨�ö��ʾѧ |
Grammar:
so...(that)/such...(that)
(���ҡó�: ...�ҡ���¨�...
㹢�з�� too+adv/adj+
to infinitive ���¶֧
���ëѡ���ҧ����ѹ�ҡ�Թ����ǡ������Դ�ػ��ä㹡�÷����úҧ���ҧ �ç���ҧ so...(that)/such...(that)
���繡�ú͡������ëѡ���ҧ�ѹ�ҡ���¨��觼ŵ����
�Ҿ�ҡ http://blogs.reuters.com/photographers-blog/tag/thailand/ |
He can have fun with everything. Surasak is such a
very optimistic person that he can have fun with
everything. ����ѡ����ҧ�繤��ͧ�š�����ҡ���¨�����öʹء�Ѻ�ء���� |
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My dog is precious to me. I have to evacuate him to the safe
place. My dog is so precious to
me that I have to evacuate him to the safe place. ��ͧ��Ңͧ�ѹ�դ�ҡѺ�ѹ�ҡ���¨��ѹ��ͧ;¾������㹷�����ʹ��� |
�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ne6fKmnhYBM |
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��ѡ���
�ç���ҧ |
������ҧ |
1. -such + a/an + adj. +
noun/noun phrase + that -such + adj. +
plural noun + that |
-Surasak is such an
optimistic person (that) he can have fun with everything. ����ѡ����繤��ͧ�š�����ҡ���¨�����öʹء��Ѻ�ء��� -Bangkok is such a busy
city (that) it is recognized as the city that never sleeps. ��ا෾������ͧ���������ҡ���¨��繷�����ѡ��������ͧ����������Ѻ -Royal Thai Navy officers
are such brave soldiers (that) they are not afraid of
terrorism. ��·��������¹�鹡����Ò�ҡ���¨�����ç���ǵ�͡�á�͡������ |
2. so + adj./adv. + that |
-My dog is so precious
(that) I cannot live without. ��ͧ��Ңͧ�ѹ�դ���ҡ���¨��ѹ�������ö�ժ��Ե�����»��Ȩҡ���� -I love my dog so dearly
(that) I cannot leave him behind. �ѹ�ѡ��Ңͧ�ѹ�ҡ���¨��������ö�������� |
3. so + much/many/few/little
+ noun/noun phrase + that |
-I have so little
opportunity (that) I finally give up. �ѹ���͡�ʹ���������Թ��㹷���ش�ѹ�������ԡ�������� -Cherry has spent so many
hours of study (that) she can remember every word in the book. �������������ҹ�������ª���������¨�����ö����ء���˹ѧ��� |
�����˵� ����ö¡��� that 㹻���¤�� |
Match the first part of the
sentences in left column to the second part of the sentences in right column ���Ѻ�����ǹ�á�ͧ����¤�Ѻ��ǹ����ͧ�ͧ����¤���١��ͧ |
|
1.
Steve and Michael are such good workers |
a. he doesn't want to go home. |
2.
Today, Bella dresses so beautifully |
b.
he couldn't leave office before 7 p.m. |
3.
�Slumdog Millionaire� is such a good movie |
c.
they can make their guests feel relaxed. |
4.
Mary has so little time |
d.
they don't want to come back. |
5.
Ben is having such a good time in Bangkok |
e.
no new ideas can be accepted. |
6.
The hosts are so friendly |
f.
I cannot recognize her. |
7.
Tony had so many things to do |
g.
their employers give them a week off. |
8.
The Smiths had such a bad experience in Bangkok flood |
h.
no one can reason with him. |
9.
Arthur is so stubborn |
i.
she cannot complete her project. |
10.
The organization is so conservative |
j.
it won 8 Oscars. |
���
1.
Steve and Michael are such good
workers that their employers give them a week off.
ʵտ���������繾�ѡ�ҹ�����ҡ���¨���ҹ�����ǡ����ش�ҹ��
1 �ѻ����
2.
Today, Bella dresses so beautifully
that I cannot recognize her.
�ѹ���������觵���������¨������������
3.
�Slumdog Millionaire� is such a
good movie that it won 8 Oscars.
�Slumdog
Millionaire� ���Ҿ¹�������ҡ���¨�����ҧ�ѹ��ʡ���֧
8 �ҧ���
4.
Mary has so little time that
she cannot complete the project.
����������ҹ������¨���з�����������ö����ਤ������
5.
Ben is having such a good time in
Bangkok that he doesn't want to go home.
ູ���ѧ�ժ�ǧ���Ҵ��㹡�ا෾����¨������ҡ��Ѻ��ҹ
6.
The hosts are so friendly that they
can make their guests feel relaxed.
����Ҿ�դ������Ե��ҡ�������ᢡ�ͧ�ǡ������֡��͹����
7.
Tony had so many things to do that
he couldn't leave office before 7 p.m.
ⷹ�����觵�ͧ������������¨���з�����������ö�͡�ҡ���ӧҹ���͹
1 ����
8.
The Smiths had such a bad
experience in Bangkok flood that they don't want to come back.
��ͺ������Է�ջ��ʺ��ó������������˵ء�ó��ӷ�����ا෾���¨���з�觾ǡ�������ҡ��Ѻ�ҷ�����ա
9.
Arthur is so stubborn that no
one can reason with him.
�������繤��������ҡ���¨�����������˵ؼŷ������������
10.
The organization is so conservative
that no new ideas can be accepted.
ͧ��ù���դ���͹��ѡ������٧���¨������Դ�����������Ѻ�������Ѻ
Grammar: Asking about
degree with how + adj./adv.
http://rapgenius.com/Domo-genesis-mission-statement-lyrics#note-395984 |
A: How tall is he? B: He is tall enough to touch the hoop without jumping. A: ���٧���˹ B: �٧�ͷ�������ǧ���·������ͧ���ⴴ |
��ö���֧�дѺ (degree) ����ö���ç���ҧ How
+ adj./adv. ��
��С�ú͡�֧�дѺ���մ��¡ѹ�����Ը� �ͧ�֡�ҨҡẺ�֡�Ѵ��ҹ��ҧ
Match the questions in left column
to the answers in right column. ���Ѻ������¤�Ӷ���Ѻ����¤�ӵͺ���١��ͧ |
|
1.
How sick was your grandmother? |
a. Six stories high. |
2.
How cold is it? |
b.
They are such definite plans that he's already applied for 5 universities. |
3.
How well can he sing? |
c.
It's cold enough to kill the crops. |
4.
How difficult is it to learn dancing? |
d.
Not near enough to walk to the office. |
5.
How fast does the new plane travel? |
e.
Not as often as I'd like. |
6.
How tall is the new headquarters? |
f.
Too many! |
7.
How definite are his plans to further his study? |
g.
She was so sick that she had to go to the hospital. |
8.
How near do you live? |
h.
It isn't as difficult as I expected. |
9.
How many people were at the party last night? |
i.
Faster than light. |
10.
How often do you travel abroad? |
j.
So well that he can win �The Voice.� |
���
�Ӷ�� |
�ӵͺ |
How sick was your
grandmother? �س��Ҥس���¢�Ҵ�˹ |
She was so sick that she had
to go to the hospital. �ͻ����ҡ���¨���ͧ����ç��Һ�� |
How
cold
is it? �ѹ˹�Ǣ�Ҵ�˹�ѹ |
It's
cold enough to kill the crops. �ѹ��繾ͷ��з����ż�Ե�ת�ѡ��·������ |
How
well
can he sing? ����ͧ�ŧ������˹ |
So
well that he
can win �The Voice.� ��ͧ��բ�Ҵ���Ъ�С�û�СǴ��¡��
The
Voice |
How difficult is it to
learn dancing? ������¹�����ѹ�ҡ���˹ |
It
isn't as difficult as I expected. �ѹ������ҡ���ҧ���ѹ�Ҵ |
How
fast
does the new plane travel? ����ͧ�Թ������Թ�����Ǣ�Ҵ�˹ |
Faster
than
light. ���ǡ������§ |
How
tall
is the new headquarters? �֡�ͧ�Ñ�ҡ�õ֡�����٧���˹ |
Six stories high. �٧��Ҵ�֡ 6
��� |
How
definite
are his plans to further his study? Ἱ��ó�㹡�����¹��ͧ͢����͹��Ҵ�˹ |
They
are such definite plans that he's already applied for 5 universities. Ἱ�����͹�ҡ�֧��Ҵ�����Ѥ���
5
����Է��������� |
How
near
do you live? �س������颹Ҵ�˹ |
Not
near enough to
walk to the office. ������ͷ����Թ�ҷӧҹ |
How
many
people were at the party last night? ����ͤ׹�դ���������������Т�Ҵ�˹ |
Too
many! �����Թ� |
How
often
do you travel abroad? �س�Թ�ҧ仵�ҧ����Ⱥ��¢�Ҵ�˹ |
Not
as often as
I'd like. ���������ҧ�����ҡ� |
Grammar: adverbial
connectives (effects/results)
(���ҡó�: ���������ʴ����Ѿ��)
�͡�ҡ���� �ç���ҧ so...(that)/such...(that)
�繡�ú͡�֧�ŷ���������� ����� adv
����˹�ҷ�����������¤
2 ����¤��������¡ѹ �ѧ����ö���ʴ����Ѿ�����Դ�����
|
Rubber
is flexible; thus, it can be bent. �ҧ����դ�����͹��� �֧����ö�١�Ѵ����駧��� |
The
pickle jar is watertight. Therefore, water can't get in or out.
�Ǵ��żѡ�ͧ��鹡ѹ�����
�ѧ��鹹�Ө֧�������ö��ҹ����͡�Ǵ����� |
�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.squidoo.com/how-to-canning-jars |
��ö������ǡѺ�дѺ (degree)
����ö��з��������ç���ҧ
How + adj./adv. ��С�ú͡�дѺ (degree)
������ö��з��������Ը� �ͧ�֡�Ҩҡ������ҧ��ҹ��ҧ
��ѡ���
������������¤���� adverbial connectives ���͡�֧�Ţͧ��á�з� ����ö���� 2 �Ը�
�ͧ�ѧࡵبҡ������ҧ��ҹ��ҧ
Ẻ��� 1 |
Ẻ��� 2 |
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Rubber
is flexible; |
as a result, |
it
can be bent. |
Rubber
is flexible. |
As a result, |
it
can be bent. |
thus, |
Thus, |
||||
therefore, |
Therefore, |
||||
consequently, |
Consequently, |
���������ҵ��˹�㹡���ҧ adverbial
connectives �ͧ��� 2 Ẻ�������͹�ѹ ��ҧ�ѹ�ç�������ͧ������ä�͹��ҹ�� (punctuation)
Match the causes in left column to
the results in right column and combine them with adverbial connectives. ���Ѻ������¤����ʴ����˵ءѺ����¤����ʴ����Ѿ�����١��ͧ ������������¤����ҹ�����١��ͧ���� adverbial connectives |
|
1.
One property of rubber is elasticity |
a. it's full of useful substances. |
2.
When you seal a jar |
b.
it is not allowed to get in. |
3.
These flowers are artificial |
c.
I can't resist buying it. |
4.
The dog is soaked by the rain |
d.
they can last for years. |
5.
The dress is stunning |
e.
I have to buy another one online. |
6.
The orange juice is freshly squeezed |
f.
rubber can stretch. |
7.
I lost the original copy of the book |
g.
it is very expensive. |
8.
The sofa is made of real leather |
h.
water cannot get through it. |
9.
Captain Winnie is 59 years old |
i.the
air cannot go inside it. |
10.
The pair of boots is waterproof |
j.
she hardly has any time left before her retirement. |
���
1.
One property of rubber is elasticity so
it can stretch.
�س���ѵ���ҧ˹�觢ͧ�ҧ��ͤ����״���� �ѧ����ѹ�֧�١�֧�״��
2.
When you seal a jar, the air cannot go inside it.
����ͤس��֡�Ǵ������� �ҡ�Ȩ����������
3.
These flowers are artificial;
consequently, they can last for years.
�͡�������ҹ���繢ͧ���� �ѧ����ѹ�֧����ö���������������»�
4.
Since the dog is soaked by the rain, it is not allowed to
get in.
���й�ͧ�����¡⪡���н� �ѹ�֧������Ѻ͹Øҵ�������Ң�ҧ�
5.
I can't resist buying the dress because
it is stunning. (���� because of its
stunning quality)
�ѹ����Ҩ�������������ͪش����� �����ѹ����дش�� (�������Ф�������дش�Ңͧ�ѹ)
6.
The orange juice is freshly squeezed.
As a result, it's full of useful substances.
�����������ʴ�����
�ѧ��� �ѹ�֧���仴�����÷���ջ���ª��
7.
�Because I lost the original copy of the book, I have to buy
another one online. (���� Because
of losing the original copy of the book,
I have to buy another one online)
���Щѹ��˹ѧ��ͩ�Ѻ��������� �ѹ��µ�ͧ�����ա�����ҧ�͹�Ź� (���� ���С�÷��ѹ��˹ѧ��ͩ�Ѻ��������� �ѹ��µ�ͧ�����ա�����ҧ�͹�Ź�)
8.
The sofa is made of real leather.
Hence, it is very expensive.
⫿ҵ�ǹ��Өҡ˹ѧ�� �ѧ��� �ҤҶ֧�٧
9.
Captain Winnie is 59 years old;
therefore, she hardly has any time left before her retirement.
�.�.�깹������ 59 �� �ѧ���
�֧ͨ������������ա����ҡ��͹���³�����Ҫ���
10.
The pair of boots is waterproof. Then,
water cannot get through it.
�ͧ��Һ�鷤����ѹ��� �ѧ��� ��Ө֧�������ö��ҹ������
�ҡ���
�����������Ըա����¹�ʴ��˵���м�������Ẻ
�ͧ�֡�Ҩҡ������ҧ����ͧ�觻���¤���¹Ẻ������ҧ��ҧ���������Դ�����ӹÒ
Grammar: present perfect
passive
㹢�з�� Active
Voice �����ٻ����¤����иҹ�繤���зӡ�����ͧ Passive
����㹡óշ���иҹ�繼��١��з�
Gavin blows the balloon. |
�Ҿ�ҡhttp://www.soatothecloud.com/2009/10/when-elasticity-is-bad-thing.html |
The balloon is blown by Gavin. |
��ѡ���
������������¤���� adverbial connectives ���͡�֧�Ţͧ��á�з� ����ö���� 2 �Ը�
�ͧ�ѧࡵبҡ������ҧ��ҹ��ҧ
Active |
Passive |
||||||
Tense |
Subject |
Main verb |
Object |
Subject |
Verb to be |
Past participle (v3) |
(by ___) |
Present Simple |
Gavin |
blows |
the balloon. |
The balloon |
is |
blown |
(by Gavin). |
Past Simple |
blew |
was |
|||||
Present Progressive |
is blowing |
is being |
|||||
Past Progressive |
was blowing |
was being |
|||||
Present Perfect |
has blown |
has been |
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Past Perfect |
had blown |
had been |
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Present Perfect Progressive |
has been blowing |
has been being |
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Past Perfect Progressive |
had been blowing |
had been being |
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Future Simple |
will blow |
will be |
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Future Progressive |
will be blowing |
will be being |
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Future Perfect |
will have blown |
will have been |
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Future Perfect Progressive |
will have been blowing |
will have been being |
Decide whether these sentences are
active or passive. ���͡��һ���¤����ҹ����
active
���� passive |
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Sentences |
Active |
Passive |
1.
The soldier was killed in Gulf war. |
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2.
The table has been designed for kids. |
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3.
All products will bring a lot of money to the company. |
|
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4.
Using mobile phones during class is prohibited. |
|
|
5.
The unit has been ordered to retreat. |
|
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���
1.
The soldier was killed in Gulf war.
���ä���鹶١����ʧ��������
�繻���¤ passive ���л�иҹ�ͧ����¤
(the soldier) �١��з� 㹷������ �١��� ���tense �� past
simple
2.
The table has been designed for kids.
��е�ǹ�鹶١�͡Ẻ������Ѻ��
�繻���¤ passive ���л�иҹ�ͧ����¤
(the table) �١��з� 㹷������ �١�͡Ẻ ���tense �� present
perfect
3.
All products will bring a lot of money
to the company.
��Ե�ѳ��������й��Թ��������ѷ�ӹǹ�ҡ
�繻���¤ active ���л�иҹ�ͧ����¤
(all product) �繤���зӡ�����ͧ 㹷������ ���Թ�� ���tense �� future
simple
4.
Using mobile phones during class is
prohibited.
��������Ѿ����Ͷ�����ͧ���¹��鹶١����
�繻���¤ passive ���л�иҹ�ͧ����¤
(using mobile phones during class) �١��з� 㹷������ �١���� ���tense �� present
simple
5.
The unit has been ordered to retreat.
˹��¹�鹶١��������
�繻���¤ passive ���л�иҹ�ͧ����¤
(the unit) �١��з� 㹷������ �١��� ���tense �� present
perfect