Lesson 3


 

I went to the crime scene which is as beautiful as a dream.

�ѹ价��ʶҹ����Դ�˵�

�����§����ǡѺ�����ѹ

 

Grammar: Restrictive Adjective Clauses

����¤ restrictive adjective clause ��������͢��¤ӹ��  ��͸Ժ�������������������������ǡѺ�ӹ����� ����ѡ������Դ�Ѻ�ӹ������ѹ����

��ѡ���

 

�ç���ҧ

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�Ҿ�ҡ http://bhanks.encblogs.com/?p=359

 

�ҡ�ӹ������繤���

-who (����ͤӹ������繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤)

-whom (����ͤӹ������繡����ͧ����¤  ��Ѩ�غѹ����ö�� who ����������)

�繵�������

 - The gentleman is the judge. He is very wise.

 

The gentleman who is very wise is the judge.

 

���Ҿ����ɷ���Ҵ�ҡ��鹤�ͼ��Ծҡ��

 

- Please give this document to the jury.  I have ordered them to use their best judgement for the case.

 

Please give this document to the jury

who(m) I have ordered to use their best judgement for the case.

 

��س��ͺ�͡��ù�����Ѻ����١�ع  ����觼����դ����������Ԩ�ó�ҳ���ҧ�շ���ش㹤�չ��

 


�Ҿ�ҡhttp://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photos-evidence-bag-image1514893

 

�ҡ�ӹ��������ѵ��������觢ͧ  ��

-which ���� that

�繵�������

-The case is so difficult. It is under my responsibility.

 

The case which/that is under my responsibility is so difficult.

 

��շ������㹤����Ѻ�Դ�ͺ�ͧ��鹹���ҧ�ҡ������Թ

 

-The lawyer is trying to defend Robert by using an evidence. The lawyer found the evidence in the crime scene.

 

The lawyer is trying to defend Robert by using an evidence which/that the lawyer found in crime scene.

 

���¤����������Ъ���������������ѡ�ҹ

����觷����龺㹷���Դ�˵�


�Ҿ�ҡ http://1funny.com/its-mine/

 

whose ����ö����������������ʴ���������Ңͧ��

-I'm looking for the client. I need his signature for this contract.

 

I'm looking for the client whose signature I need for this contract.

 

�����ѧ������١��Ҽ���觼���ͧ�����ͪ��ͧ͢����ѭ�ҩ�Ѻ���

 

 

Combine the sentences using who, whom, whose, which or that.

�����������¤����ҹ�� ����  who, whom, whose, which ���� that

1. He is accused of murder. His blood was found on the victim's scarf.

___________________________________________________________

2. James has committed a crime. The crime is so serious.  

___________________________________________________________

3. No one can blame the police. Their duty is to enforce the law.

___________________________________________________________

4. The judge sentenced him to life. She is one of the most just persons I have ever met.

___________________________________________________________

5. The lawyer is handling the most serious case. Many people trust him.

___________________________________________________________

 

���

1. He is accused of murder. His blood was found on the victim's scarf.

He whose blood was found on the victim's scarf is accused of murder.

�Ҽ�������ʹ�١�����躹��Ҿѹ�ͧ͢�����Ͷ١�����������繦ҵ��

 

�ӹ������ӡѹ� 2 ����¤��� ��� he �·��㹻���¤��� 2 �繡���ʴ���������Ңͧ�ͧ��������þ����ʴ���������Ңͧhis �ѧ��鹢�͹���ͧ�� whose �����ʴ���������Ңͧ  ��������ʹ�ͧ��

 

2. James has committed a crime. The crime is so serious.

James has committed a crime which/that is so serious.

�������Сͺ�Ҫ�ҡ�����������ç

 

�ӹ������ӡѹ� 2 ����¤��� ��� crime ��� crime ����褹�֧�� which���� that ᷹ crime 㹻���¤��� 2������������� 2 ����¤��Ҵ��¡ѹ

 

3. No one can blame the police. Their duty is to enforce the law.

No one can blame the police whose duty is to enforce the law.

�����������ö�ɵ��Ǩ�����˹�ҷ��ѧ�Ѻ�顮������

 

�ӹ������ӡѹ㹷������ the police ��㹻���¤��� 2 �繡������þ��� their ��᷹ the police ���¶֧ ˹�ҷ��ͧ�ǡ��  �ѧ���  ��ͧ�� whose ��᷹��þ����ѧ�����  �֧������ the police whose duty is

 

4. The judge sentenced him to life. She is one of the most just persons I have ever met.

The judge who is one of the most just persons I have ever met sentenced him to life.

���Ծҡ�Ҽ�����繤�������§��������ش��˹�觷��ѹ���ѡ��Ѵ�Թ����ҨӤء��ʹ���Ե

 

��͹��ӹ������ӡѹ��� The judge ��� She  ������Фӹ���ѧ������繤���з�˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤  �֧�� who �Ң���

 

5. The lawyer is handling the most serious case. Many people trust him.

The lawyer whom many people trust is handling the most serious case.

���¤���������դ��ӹǹ�ҡ���㨡��ѧ�Ѻ��͡Ѻ��շ�������ç����ش

 

��͹��ӹ������ӡѹ��� The lawyer ��� him  ������Фӹ���ѧ������繤���з�˹�ҷ���繡����ͧ����¤����  �֧�� whom

 

Grammar: Relative Adverbs

Relative adverbs: where ��� when ����ö���˹�һ���¤�����¹�� (adjective clause)��  ���ͺ͡���˹��������

 

 

 


�Ҿ�ҡ http://ozziesaffa.blogspot.com/2012/02/canadian-police-routinely-suppress.html

 

 


Prison is a living hell.

Many innocent people are dying in prison.

 

Prison where many innocent people

are dying is a living hell.

 

 

�ء��������繷���褹����ط����ҡ���

���ѧ�е�¤�͹á���Թ

The prisoner always remember the day.

He was sentenced to life on that day.

The prisoner always remember the day when he was sentenced

to life.

 

�ѡ�ɤ�����ѡ�Ш��ѹ����Ҷ١�Ѵ�Թ

�Ӥء��ʹ���Ե������

 


�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/04/16/208200.html

 

 

 

 

��ѡ���

 

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where

 

where�դ���������ҡѺ in which ��������㹷����  �֧�����������¤���͡ʶҹ���  �·�� where ���������ö��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤���¹��(adjective clause)�����  ��觵�ҧ�Ѻ which �������仡�͹˹�ҹ��������ö��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ��

- Yesterday the pharmacist was charged in his drugstore where he sold all illegal drugs.

������ҹ���Ѫ�ö١�Ѻ���ҹ����Ңͧ�ҫ�������繷�����Ң���ҼԴ������

- Prison where many innocent people are dying is a living hell.

�ء��������繷���褹����ط����ҡ��¡��ѧ�е�¤�͹á���Թ

-The victims wanted to be rescued from the factory which caught on fire. (Correct)

�����ͷ�����µ�ͧ��÷������Ѻ������������;��͡�ҡ�ç�ҹ�����ѧ�����

- The victims wanted to be rescued from the factory where caught on fire. (Incorrect)

�������ö�� where ��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤���¹����

 


when

 

when�դ���������ҡѺ in time that ������������ҫ��  �֧�����������¤���͡���� �·�� when ���������ö��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤���¹��(adjective clause)����� 

- The prisoner always remember the day when he was sentenced to life.

�ѡ�ɤ�����ѡ�Ш��ѹ����Ҷ١�Ѵ�Թ�Ӥء��ʹ���Ե������

- The day when my kid became a lawyer is my happiest day.

�ѹ����١�ͧ�ѹ���繷��¤������ѹ���ѹ�դ����آ�ҡ����ش

 

-I will always remember the year that is the worst year of my life. (Correct)

�ѹ�Шӻշ���繻շ��������·���ش�ͧ�ѹ�������

-I will always remember the year when is the worst year of my life. (Incorrect)

�������ö�� when ��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤���¹����

 

 

Combine the sentences using when, where or which.

�����������¤����ҹ�� ����  when, where ���� which

1. The court is in the heart of the city. The most famous case is being heard in the court.

___________________________________________________________

2. The time in court can judge a person's destiny. The time is so short.  

___________________________________________________________

3. The pharmacist decided to open drugstore only in the evenings. There are more clients coming in that time.

___________________________________________________________

4. Downtown is a busy place. The place is full of criminals.

___________________________________________________________

5. The location of the safe house is classified. The safe house is for the important witnesses.

___________________________________________________________

 

���

1. The court is in the heart of the city. The most famous case is being heard in the court.

The court where the most famous case is being heard is in the heart of the city.

��ū��������ʶҹ������Ѻ�ѧ��շ��ѧ����ش�����㨡�ҧ���ͧ

 

��͹���ͧ�� where ���ͧ�ҡ����Ƕ֧ʶҹ���  ��Шҡ����¤����ͧ�ӹ���ʴ�ʶҹ����鹵鹴��� in  ��Ҩ��� which ���� ��ͧ�� in which (the court in which...)

 

2. The time in court can judge a person's destiny. The time is so short.

The time in court which is so short can judge a person's destiny.

�������ŷ���ʹ�������ö�Ѵ�Թ�еҪ��Ե�ͧ��

 

��͹���ͧ�� which ���ж֧�С���Ƕ֧����  �����¤���������ҹ�鹵�ͧ��û�иҹ  ��� when �������ö��˹�ҷ���иҹ��

 

3. The pharmacist decided to open drugstore only in the evening. There are more clients coming in that time.

The pharmacist decided to open drugstore only in the evenings when there are more clients coming.

���Ѫ�õѴ�Թ��Դ��ҹ�����੾�Ъ�ǧ������繫������ҹ������١��������ҹ�ҡ����㹪�ǧ���

 

��͹���ͧ�� when ���ͧ�ҡ����Ƕ֧ʶҹ���  ��Шҡ����¤����ͧ�ӹ���ʴ�ʶҹ����鹵鹴��� in  ��Ҩ��� which ���� ��ͧ�� in which (the evenings in which...)

 

4. Downtown is a busy place. The place is full of criminals.

Downtown is a busy place which is full of criminals.

��ҹ��ҧ���ͧ��ʶҹ����������·�������仴����Ҫ�ҡ�

 

��͹���ͧ�� which ���ж֧�С���Ƕ֧ʶҹ���  �����¤������ʶҹ����鹵�ͧ��û�иҹ  ��� where �������ö��˹�ҷ���иҹ��

 

5. The location of the safe house is classified. The safe house is for the important witnesses.

The location of the safe house which is for the important witnesses is classified.

����駢ͧ૿����������������Ѻ��ҹ�Ӥѭ����繤����Ѻ

 

��͹���ͧ�� which ���ж֧�С���Ƕ֧ʶҹ���  �����¤������ʶҹ����鹵�ͧ��û�иҹ  ��� where �������ö��˹�ҷ���иҹ��

 

Grammar: Anticipatory It + Gerund

Gerund ��� �������� ing ��з�˹�ҷ������͹�ӹ����˹��  �������ö�� gerund 㹻���¤������ç���ҧ It ��˹�� ����դ���������� �ѹ��ҧ��...㹡�÷���...

 

 


�Ҿ�ҡhttp://keithburgun.net/mastery-vs-hoping/

 

 



 

It is a big mistake involving in gambling.

 

 

�ѹ��ҧ�繤����Դ��Ҵ�������˭�㹡�������������ǡѺ    ��þ�ѹ

 

 

It is challenging working

in judicial system.

 

�ѹ��ҧ��ҷ�ҷ��㹡�÷ӧҹ��к����

 


�Ҿ�ҡhttp://www.fairimmigration.org/tag/judicial-system/

 

 

 

��ѡ���

 

�ç���ҧ

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�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.west-info.eu/west-news/topics/addictions-topics/drug-addiction/?t=630

 

- It + verb to be + adjective + gerund phrase

- It + verb to be + adjective + not + gerund phrase

- It is illegal selling drugs.

�ѹ��ҧ������ͧ�Դ������㹡�â�����ʾ��Դ

- It is embarrassing being arrested by police.

�ѹ��ҧ������ͧ������㹡�ö١�Ѻ�µ��Ǩ

- It was awful not sleeping three nights in a row.

�ѹ��ҧ������ͧ����ҡ㹡�÷�������͹�� 3 �ѹ�Դ�ѹ

- It was depressing not being able to go outside.

�ѹ��ҧ������ͧ���˴���㹡�÷���������ö�͡仢�ҧ�͡��ҹ


�Ҿ�ҡ http://board.postjung.com/m/542108.html

 

 

- It + verb to be + a/an + adjective + noun + gerund phrase

- It + verb to be + a/an + adjective + noun + not + gerund phrase

 

- It was a big decision joining the Navy Seal.

�ѹ��ҧ�繡�õѴ�Թ㨤�������˭�㹡����������Ѻ Navy Seal

- It is an entertaining activity playing with my kids.

�ѹ��ҧ�繡Ԩ�������ʹءʹҹ㹡����蹡Ѻ�١�ͧ�ѹ

-It was a fine choice not going to the club last night.

�ѹ��ҧ�繷ҧ���͡����㹡�����令�Ѻ����ͤ׹���

-It will be an unforgettable failure not studying as hard as you can.

�ѹ���繤���������Ƿ��������ŧ㹡�����������¹����ҡ����ش��ҷ��з���

 

 

Rewrite the sentences using the structure of anticipatory it.

����¹����¤����ҹ���������������ç���ҧ  anticipatory it

1. Sitting in class for hours is exhausting.

___________________________________________________________

2. Not playing any musical instrument is a great pity. 

___________________________________________________________

3. Knowing many kinds of people is a marvelous opportunity.

___________________________________________________________

4. Not paying attention when driving is risky.

___________________________________________________________

5. Swimming in the morning is refreshing.

___________________________________________________________

 

���

1. Sitting in class for hours is exhausting.

 It is exhausting sitting in class for hours.

�ѹ��ҧ������ͧ����˹����˹���㹡�ù���������ͧ���¹�����������������

2. Not playing any musical instrument is a great pity.

It is a great pity not playing any musical instrument.

�ѹ��ҧ�繤���������´�����ҧ�ҡ㹡�÷������������ͧ����ժ�Դ����

 

3. Knowing many kinds of people is a marvelous opportunity.

It is a marvelous opportunity knowing many kinds of people.

�ѹ��ҧ���͡�ʷ�������㹡�÷�������ѡ������������

 

4. Not paying attention when driving is risky.

It is risky not paying attention when driving.

�ѹ��ҧ������ͧ�������§���ҧ�ҡ㹡���������Ҹ�������ҧ�Ѻö

 

5. Swimming in the morning is refreshing.

It is refreshing swimming in the morning.

�ѹ��ҧ������ͧ�����ʴ���㹡�����¹�ӵ͹���

 

Grammar: Nonreferential There + Gerund

There �ǡ���� Verb to be ���¶֧ ��  �������ö������� gerund phrase

 

 


�Ҿ�ҡhttp://www.sawasdeenakhonphanom.com/3536.html

 

 



 

There will be delivering of opening speech by the C-in-C.

 

 

���ա�á�����ع�þ���㹾Ը��Դ�·�ҹ���ѭ�ҡ��

 

 

There won't be any resting in class with the new teacher!

 

������ա�þѡ��͹㹪�������ͧ�س��٤�����

 


�Ҿ�ҡhttp://thefacultylounge.edublogs.org/2008/06/17/help-wanted-two-million-teachers/

 

 

 

��ѡ���

 

�ç���ҧ

������ҧ

 


�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.music2movies.org/top-wedding-songs-2013-playlist/

 

There + verb to be + gerund phrase

There will be dancing

after the wedding.

 

���ա������

��ѧ�ҹ�觧ҹ

 


�Ҿ�ҡhttp://info.thevisiontherapycenter.com/discovering-vision-therapy/bid/83306/Seven-Ways-Vision-Problems-Affect-Standardized-Test-Taking

 

There + verb to be + not + any + gerund phrase

There won't be any talking

while taking the test.

 

������ա�þٴ�����

������ҧ�ӡ���ͺ

 

Make sentences using the above structure.

��������¤���������ç���ҧ��������Ҵ�ҹ��

1. rest and sleep / after long working hours

___________________________________________________________

2. no play / until you can pass the test  

___________________________________________________________

3. plan / to win the competition

___________________________________________________________

4. no complain / after the tough military training

___________________________________________________________

5. conduct a survey / to find the opinion of the sailors.

___________________________________________________________

 

 

���

1. rest and sleep / after long working hours

There will be resting and sleeping after long working hours.

���ա�þѡ��͹�͹��Ѻ�����ѧ��÷ӧҹ�����ǹҹ

 

2. no play / until you can pass the test

There won't be any playing until you can pass the test.

������ա������������Ҩ����Ҥس���ͺ��ҹ

 

3. plan / to win the competition

There is planning to win the competition.

�ա���ҧἹ������骹С���觢ѹ

 

4. no complain / after the tough military training

There wasn't any complaining after the tough military training.

����ա�ú������ѧ�ҡ�֡���÷��˹ѡ

 

5. conduct a survey / to find the opinion of the sailors.

There was conducting a survey  to find the opinion of the sailors.

�ա�÷ӡ�û����Թ�������Ǩ�����Դ��繢ͧ�ŷ���

 

Vocabulary: prefix

 

������ prefix ���仢�ҧ˹�Ңͧ���ռ�㹡������¹�������¢ͧ�����

 

 


�Ҿ�ҡ

http://www.fanpop.com/clubs/twilight-movie/images/20582451/title/twilight-wallpaper-wallpaper

 

 

 

Edward is a vampire. He is an immortal.

 

���������������� ��������

 

Choose the correct prefix for each underlined word and write it into the left column.

����¹�ӷ���� prefix ����դ����������ǡѹ�Ѻ�ӷ��մ����� ŧ�㹪�ͧ��ҹ����

1. This bus isn't safe to go for a long trip.

 

2. The sailor didn't obey his orders.

 

3. The product isn't available now.

 

4. The drug isn't legal to be sold.

 

5. He isn't responsible.

 

6. The client isn't patient to wait for the queue.

 

7. The commander isn't capable for the job.

 

8. This mission isn't possible to accomplish.

 

9. Captain Winnie isn't mature enough to command the unit.

 

10. The order isn't relevant to the current situation.

 

 

���

 

1. This bus isn't safe to go for a long trip.

·        unsafe

ö��ʤѹ�������ʹ��·����Թ�ҧ��

2. The sailor didn't obey his orders.

·        disobey

����դ����������Ϳѧ����觢ͧ��

3. The product isn't available now.

·        unavailable

�Թ��Ҫ�Դ����ѧ�����㹵�Ҵ�͹���

4. The drug isn't legal to be sold.

·        illegal

�Ҫ�Դ������١�����·��Т��

5. He isn't responsible.

·        irresponsible

���繤�����Ѻ�Դ�ͺ

6. The client isn't patient to wait for the queue.

·        impatient

�١��Ҥ�������ʹ��������㹤��

7. The commander isn't capable for the job.

·        incapable

���ѧ�Ѻ�ѭ�Ҥ��������觾�����Ѻ�ҹ���

8. This mission isn't possible to accomplish.

·        impossible

��áԨ�������������������

9. Captain Winnie isn't mature enough to command the unit.

·        immature

�.�.�չ�������դ����繼���˭�ͷ��кѧ�Ѻ�ѭ��˹��¹��

10. The order isn't relevant to the current situation.

·        irrelevant

����觹���������ѹ��Ѻʶҹ��ó�㹻Ѩ�غѹ

 

�������ҡẺ�֡�Ѵ������ �� prefix ���µ�Ƿ���դ���������� ��� ����Ǥ�� -dis, -il, -im, -in, -ir ��� -un  ������¹�е�ͧ�����ѧࡵ���Ҥ��˹��Ѻ prefix ����