Lesson 3
|
I went to
the crime scene which is as beautiful as a dream. �ѹ价��ʶҹ����Դ�˵� �����§����ǡѺ�����ѹ |
Grammar: Restrictive
Adjective Clauses
����¤ restrictive adjective clause ��������͢��¤ӹ�� ��͸Ժ�������������������������ǡѺ�ӹ�����
����ѡ������Դ�Ѻ�ӹ������ѹ����
��ѡ���
�ç���ҧ |
������ҧ |
�ҡ�ӹ������繤��� -who (����ͤӹ������繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤) -whom (����ͤӹ������繡����ͧ����¤ ��Ѩ�غѹ����ö�� who ����������) �繵������� |
- The gentleman is the judge.
He is very wise. The
gentleman who is very wise is the judge. ���Ҿ����ɷ���Ҵ�ҡ��鹤�ͼ��Ծҡ�� |
-
Please
give this document to the jury. I
have ordered them to use their best judgement for the case. Please give
this document to the jury who(m) I
have ordered to use their best judgement for the case. ��س��ͺ�͡��ù�����Ѻ����١�ع
����觼����դ����������Ԩ�ó�ҳ���ҧ�շ���ش㹤�չ�� |
|
�ҡ�ӹ��������ѵ��������觢ͧ �� -which ���� that �繵������� |
-The case is so difficult. It is
under my responsibility. The case which/that
is under my responsibility is so difficult. ��շ������㹤����Ѻ�Դ�ͺ�ͧ��鹹���ҧ�ҡ������Թ |
-The lawyer is trying to defend
Robert by using an evidence. The lawyer found the evidence in the crime
scene. The lawyer
is trying to defend Robert by using an evidence which/that the lawyer
found in crime scene. ���¤����������Ъ���������������ѡ�ҹ ����觷����龺㹷���Դ�˵� |
|
whose ����ö����������������ʴ���������Ңͧ�� |
-I'm looking for the client. I need
his signature for this contract. I'm looking
for the client whose signature I need for this contract. �����ѧ������١��Ҽ���觼���ͧ�����ͪ��ͧ͢����Ñ�ҩ�Ѻ��� |
Combine the sentences using who,
whom, whose, which or that. �����������¤����ҹ��
���� who, whom,
whose, which ���� that |
1. He is accused of murder. His
blood was found on the victim's scarf. ___________________________________________________________ 2. James has committed a crime. The
crime is so serious. ___________________________________________________________ 3. No one can blame the police.
Their duty is to enforce the law. ___________________________________________________________ 4. The judge sentenced him to life.
She is one of the most just persons I have ever met. ___________________________________________________________ 5. The lawyer is handling the most
serious case. Many people trust him. ___________________________________________________________ |
���
1.
He is accused of murder. His blood was found on the victim's scarf.
He
whose blood was found on the victim's scarf is accused of murder.
�Ҽ�������ʹ�١�����躹��Ҿѹ�ͧ͢�����Ͷ١�����������繦ҵ��
�ӹ������ӡѹ� 2
����¤��� ��� he �·��㹻���¤��� 2
�繡���ʴ���������Ңͧ�ͧ��������þ����ʴ���������Ңͧhis �ѧ��鹢�͹���ͧ�� whose
�����ʴ���������Ңͧ ��������ʹ�ͧ��
2.
James has committed a crime. The crime is so serious.
James
has committed a crime which/that is so serious.
�������Сͺ�Ҫ�ҡ�����������ç
�ӹ������ӡѹ� 2
����¤��� ��� crime ��� crime ����褹�֧�� which���� that ᷹ crime 㹻���¤��� 2������������� 2 ����¤��Ҵ��¡ѹ
3.
No one can blame the police. Their duty is to enforce the law.
No
one can blame the police whose duty is to enforce the law.
�����������ö�ɵ��Ǩ�����˹�ҷ��ѧ�Ѻ�顮������
�ӹ������ӡѹ㹷������ the
police ��㹻���¤��� 2 �繡������þ��� their
��᷹ the police ���¶֧ ˹�ҷ��ͧ�ǡ�� �ѧ��� ��ͧ�� whose
��᷹��þ����ѧ����� �֧������ the police whose duty is
4.
The judge sentenced him to life. She is one of the most just persons I have
ever met.
The
judge who is one of the most just persons I have ever met sentenced him to
life.
���Ծҡ�Ҽ�����繤�������§��������ش��˹�觷��ѹ���ѡ��Ѵ�Թ����ҨӤء��ʹ���Ե
��͹��ӹ������ӡѹ��� The
judge ��� She ������Фӹ���ѧ������繤���з�˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤ �֧�� who
�Ң���
5.
The lawyer is handling the most serious case. Many people trust him.
The
lawyer whom many people trust is handling the most serious case.
���¤���������դ��ӹǹ�ҡ���㨡��ѧ�Ѻ��͡Ѻ��շ�������ç����ش
��͹��ӹ������ӡѹ��� The
lawyer ��� him ������Фӹ���ѧ������繤���з�˹�ҷ���繡����ͧ����¤���� �֧�� whom
Grammar: Relative
Adverbs
Relative adverbs: where ��� when ����ö���˹�һ���¤�����¹�� (adjective clause)��
���ͺ͡���˹��������
�Ҿ�ҡ http://ozziesaffa.blogspot.com/2012/02/canadian-police-routinely-suppress.html |
Many
innocent people are dying in prison. Prison
where many innocent people are
dying is a living hell. �ء��������繷���褹����ط����ҡ��� ���ѧ�е�¤�͹á���Թ |
The
prisoner always remember the day. He
was sentenced to life on that day. The
prisoner always remember the day when he was sentenced to
life. �ѡ�ɤ�����ѡ�Ш��ѹ����Ҷ١�Ѵ�Թ �Ӥء��ʹ���Ե������ |
�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/04/16/208200.html |
��ѡ���
�ç���ҧ |
������ҧ |
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where where�դ���������ҡѺ in
which ��������㹷���� �֧�����������¤���͡ʶҹ��� �·�� where ���������ö��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤���¹��(adjective
clause)�����
��觵�ҧ�Ѻ which
�������仡�͹˹�ҹ��������ö��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�� |
- Yesterday the pharmacist
was charged in his drugstore where he sold all illegal drugs. ������ҹ���Ѫ�ö١�Ѻ���ҹ����Ңͧ�ҫ�������繷�����Ң���ҼԴ������ |
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-
Prison where many innocent people are dying is a living hell. �ء��������繷���褹����ط����ҡ��¡��ѧ�е�¤�͹á���Թ |
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-The
victims wanted to be rescued from the factory which caught on fire.
(Correct) �����ͷ�����µ�ͧ��÷������Ѻ������������;��͡�ҡ�ç�ҹ�����ѧ����� |
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-
The victims wanted to be rescued from the factory where
caught on fire. (Incorrect) �������ö�� where ��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤���¹���� |
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when when�դ���������ҡѺ in time that ������������ҫ��
�֧�����������¤���͡���� �·�� when ���������ö��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤���¹��(adjective
clause)����� |
-
The prisoner always remember the day when he was sentenced to life. �ѡ�ɤ�����ѡ�Ш��ѹ����Ҷ١�Ѵ�Թ�Ӥء��ʹ���Ե������ |
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The day when my kid became a lawyer is my happiest day. �ѹ����١�ͧ�ѹ���繷��¤������ѹ���ѹ�դ����آ�ҡ����ش |
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-I
will always remember the year that is the worst year of my life. (Correct) �ѹ�Шӻշ���繻շ��������·���ش�ͧ�ѹ������� |
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-I
will always remember the year when is the
worst year of my life. (Incorrect) �������ö�� when ��˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ�ͧ����¤���¹���� |
Combine the sentences using when,
where or which. �����������¤����ҹ��
���� when, where
���� which |
1. The court is in the heart of the
city. The most famous case is being heard in the court. ___________________________________________________________ 2. The time in court can judge a
person's destiny. The time is so short. ___________________________________________________________ 3. The pharmacist decided to open
drugstore only in the evenings. There are more clients coming in that time. ___________________________________________________________ 4. Downtown is a busy place. The
place is full of criminals. ___________________________________________________________ 5. The location of the safe house
is classified. The safe house is for the important witnesses. ___________________________________________________________ |
���
1.
The court is in the heart of the city. The most famous case is being heard in
the court.
The
court where the most famous case is being heard is in the heart of the city.
��ū��������ʶҹ������Ѻ�ѧ��շ��ѧ����ش�����㨡�ҧ���ͧ
��͹���ͧ�� where ���ͧ�ҡ����Ƕ֧ʶҹ���
��Шҡ����¤����ͧ�ӹ���ʴ�ʶҹ����鹵鹴��� in ��Ҩ��� which ���� ��ͧ�� in
which (the court in which...)
2.
The time in court can judge a person's destiny. The time is so short.
The
time in court which is so short can judge a person's destiny.
�������ŷ���ʹ�������ö�Ѵ�Թ�еҪ��Ե�ͧ��
��͹���ͧ�� which ���ж֧�С���Ƕ֧����
�����¤���������ҹ�鹵�ͧ��û�иҹ ��� when
�������ö��˹�ҷ���иҹ��
3.
The pharmacist decided to open drugstore only in the evening. There are more
clients coming in that time.
The
pharmacist decided to open drugstore only in the evenings when there are more
clients coming.
���Ѫ�õѴ�Թ��Դ��ҹ�����੾�Ъ�ǧ������繫������ҹ������١��������ҹ�ҡ����㹪�ǧ���
��͹���ͧ�� when ���ͧ�ҡ����Ƕ֧ʶҹ���
��Шҡ����¤����ͧ�ӹ���ʴ�ʶҹ����鹵鹴��� in ��Ҩ��� which ���� ��ͧ�� in
which (the evenings in which...)
4.
Downtown is a busy place. The place is full of criminals.
Downtown
is a busy place which is full of criminals.
��ҹ��ҧ���ͧ��ʶҹ����������·�������仴����Ҫ�ҡ�
��͹���ͧ�� which ���ж֧�С���Ƕ֧ʶҹ��� �����¤������ʶҹ����鹵�ͧ��û�иҹ ��� where
�������ö��˹�ҷ���иҹ��
5.
The location of the safe house is classified. The safe house is for the
important witnesses.
The
location of the safe house which is for the important witnesses is classified.
����駢ͧ૿����������������Ѻ��ҹ�ӤÑ����繤����Ѻ
��͹���ͧ�� which ���ж֧�С���Ƕ֧ʶҹ���
�����¤������ʶҹ����鹵�ͧ��û�иҹ ��� where
�������ö��˹�ҷ���иҹ��
Grammar: Anticipatory
It + Gerund
Gerund ��� �������� ing ��з�˹�ҷ������͹�ӹ����˹�� �������ö�� gerund 㹻���¤������ç���ҧ It ��˹�� ����դ���������� �ѹ��ҧ��...㹡�÷���...
��ѡ���
�ç���ҧ |
������ҧ |
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�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.west-info.eu/west-news/topics/addictions-topics/drug-addiction/?t=630 - It + verb to be +
adjective + gerund phrase - It + verb to be +
adjective + not + gerund phrase |
- It is illegal selling
drugs. �ѹ��ҧ������ͧ�Դ������㹡�â�����ʾ��Դ |
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-
It is embarrassing being arrested by police. �ѹ��ҧ������ͧ������㹡�ö١�Ѻ�µ��Ǩ |
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- It was awful not sleeping three nights in a row. �ѹ��ҧ������ͧ����ҡ㹡�÷�������͹�� 3 �ѹ�Դ�ѹ |
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-
It was depressing not being able to go outside. �ѹ��ҧ������ͧ���˴���㹡�÷���������ö�͡仢�ҧ�͡��ҹ |
||||
�Ҿ�ҡ http://board.postjung.com/m/542108.html - It + verb to be + a/an +
adjective + noun + gerund phrase - It + verb to be + a/an + adjective
+ noun + not + gerund phrase |
-
It was a big decision joining the Navy Seal. �ѹ��ҧ�繡�õѴ�Թ㨤�������Ë�㹡����������Ѻ Navy Seal |
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-
It is an entertaining activity playing with my kids. �ѹ��ҧ�繡Ԩ�������ʹءʹҹ㹡����蹡Ѻ�١�ͧ�ѹ |
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-It
was a fine choice not going to the club last night. �ѹ��ҧ�繷ҧ���͡����㹡�����令�Ѻ����ͤ׹��� |
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-It
will be an unforgettable failure not studying as hard as you can. �ѹ���繤���������Ƿ��������ŧ㹡�����������¹����ҡ����ش��ҷ��з��� |
Rewrite the sentences using the
structure of anticipatory it. ����¹����¤����ҹ���������������ç���ҧ anticipatory it |
1. Sitting in class for hours is
exhausting. ___________________________________________________________ 2. Not playing any musical
instrument is a great pity. ___________________________________________________________ 3. Knowing many kinds of people is
a marvelous opportunity. ___________________________________________________________ 4. Not paying attention when
driving is risky. ___________________________________________________________ 5. Swimming in the morning is
refreshing. ___________________________________________________________ |
���
1.
Sitting in class for hours is exhausting.
It is exhausting sitting in class for
hours.
�ѹ��ҧ������ͧ����˹����˹���㹡�ù���������ͧ���¹�����������������
2. Not playing any musical instrument is
a great pity.
It
is a great pity not playing any musical instrument.
�ѹ��ҧ�繤���������´�����ҧ�ҡ㹡�÷������������ͧ����ժ�Դ����
3.
Knowing many kinds of people is a marvelous opportunity.
It
is a marvelous opportunity knowing many kinds of people.
�ѹ��ҧ���͡�ʷ�������㹡�÷�������ѡ������������
4.
Not paying attention when driving is risky.
It
is risky not paying attention when driving.
�ѹ��ҧ������ͧ�������§���ҧ�ҡ㹡���������Ҹ�������ҧ�Ѻö
5. Swimming in the morning is refreshing.
It
is refreshing swimming in the morning.
�ѹ��ҧ������ͧ�����ʴ���㹡�����¹�ӵ͹���
Grammar: Nonreferential
There + Gerund
There �ǡ���� Verb to be ���¶֧ �� �������ö������� gerund phrase
�Ҿ�ҡhttp://www.sawasdeenakhonphanom.com/3536.html |
There will be
delivering of opening speech by the C-in-C. ���ա�á�����ع�þ���㹾Ը��Դ�·�ҹ���Ñ�ҡ�� |
There won't be
any resting in class with the new teacher! ������ա�þѡ��͹㹪�������ͧ�س��٤����� |
�Ҿ�ҡhttp://thefacultylounge.edublogs.org/2008/06/17/help-wanted-two-million-teachers/ |
��ѡ���
�ç���ҧ |
������ҧ |
There +
verb to be + gerund phrase |
There will
be dancing after the
wedding. ���ա������ ��ѧ�ҹ�觧ҹ |
There +
verb to be + not + any + gerund phrase |
There won't
be any talking while
taking the test. ������ա�þٴ����� ������ҧ�ӡ���ͺ |
Make sentences using the above
structure. ��������¤���������ç���ҧ��������Ҵ�ҹ�� |
1. rest and sleep / after long
working hours ___________________________________________________________ 2. no play / until you can pass the
test ___________________________________________________________ 3. plan / to win the competition ___________________________________________________________ 4. no complain / after the tough
military training ___________________________________________________________ 5. conduct a survey / to find the
opinion of the sailors. ___________________________________________________________ |
���
1. rest and sleep / after long working
hours
There will be resting and sleeping
after long working hours.
���ա�þѡ��͹�͹��Ѻ�����ѧ��÷ӧҹ�����ǹҹ
2.
no play / until you can pass the test
There won't be any playing until you
can pass the test.
������ա������������Ҩ����Ҥس���ͺ��ҹ
3.
plan / to win the competition
There
is planning to win the competition.
�ա���ҧἹ������骹С���觢ѹ
4.
no complain / after the tough military training
There
wasn't any complaining after the tough military training.
����ա�ú������ѧ�ҡ�֡���÷��˹ѡ
5.
conduct a survey / to find the opinion of the sailors.
There
was conducting a survey to find the
opinion of the sailors.
�ա�÷ӡ�û����Թ�������Ǩ�����Դ��繢ͧ�ŷ���
Vocabulary: prefix
������ prefix ���仢�ҧ˹�Ңͧ���ռ�㹡������¹�������¢ͧ�����
�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.fanpop.com/clubs/twilight-movie/images/20582451/title/twilight-wallpaper-wallpaper |
Edward
is a vampire. He is an immortal. ���������������� �������� |
Choose the correct prefix for each
underlined word and write it into the left column. ����¹�ӷ���� prefix
����դ����������ǡѹ�Ѻ�ӷ��մ�����
ŧ�㹪�ͧ��ҹ���� |
|
1.
This bus isn't safe to go for a long trip. |
|
2.
The sailor didn't obey his orders. |
|
3.
The product isn't available now. |
|
4.
The drug isn't legal to be sold. |
|
5.
He isn't responsible. |
|
6.
The client isn't patient to wait for the queue. |
|
7.
The commander isn't capable for the job. |
|
8.
This mission isn't possible to accomplish. |
|
9.
Captain Winnie isn't mature enough to command the unit. |
|
10.
The order isn't relevant to the current situation. |
|
���
1.
This bus isn't safe to go for a
long trip.
·
unsafe
ö��ʤѹ�������ʹ��·����Թ�ҧ��
2.
The sailor didn't obey his orders.
·
disobey
����դ����������Ϳѧ����觢ͧ��
3.
The product isn't available now.
·
unavailable
�Թ��Ҫ�Դ����ѧ�����㹵�Ҵ�͹���
4.
The drug isn't legal to be sold.
·
illegal
�Ҫ�Դ������١�����·��Т��
5.
He isn't responsible.
·
irresponsible
���繤�����Ѻ�Դ�ͺ
6.
The client isn't patient to wait for the queue.
·
impatient
�١��Ҥ�������ʹ��������㹤��
7.
The commander isn't capable for the job.
·
incapable
���ѧ�Ѻ�Ñ�Ҥ��������觾�����Ѻ�ҹ���
8.
This mission isn't possible to accomplish.
·
impossible
��áԨ�������������������
9.
Captain Winnie isn't mature enough to command the unit.
·
immature
�.�.�չ�������դ����繼���Ë�ͷ��кѧ�Ѻ�Ñ��˹��¹��
10.
The order isn't relevant to the current situation.
·
irrelevant
����觹���������ѹ��Ѻʶҹ��ó�㹻Ѩ�غѹ
�������ҡẺ�֡�Ѵ������ �� prefix ���µ�Ƿ���դ���������� ��� ����Ǥ�� -dis, -il, -im, -in, -ir ��� -un ������¹�е�ͧ�����ѧࡵ���Ҥ��˹��Ѻ prefix ����