Lesson 4
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The best
thing for you to do is to find a new chef. ��觷��շ���ش���س�з�����
�Ҿ�ͤ��Ǥ����� |
Grammar: adjective
clause reduced to to-infinitive phrase
����¤ restrictive adjective clause �������öŴ�ٻŧ���� to-infinitive ��
�������ö��� for + noun/pronoun ˹���ç���ҧ to-infinitive ��
��ѡ���
Restrictive
adjective clause |
To-infinitive
phrase |
Peter
has a lot (that) he must learn. |
Peter has a
lot to learn. |
Cathy
is the person (who) you should consult. |
Cathy is
the person for you to consult. |
I
brought your favorite snack (which) we can eat it later together. |
I brought
your favorite snack (for us) to eat later together. |
Do
you know a place (where) I can buy a postcard? |
Do you know
a place to buy a postcard? |
Wednesday
is the only day (when) I can play sports. |
Wednesday
is the only day (for me) to play sports. |
Rewrite the adjective clauses to
to-infinitive. ����¹����¤���������ç���ҧ
to-infinitive |
1. Pearl has some new gadgets that
she would like to sell. ___________________________________________________________ 2. I'm looking for a place where we
can stay for the holiday. ___________________________________________________________ 3. That was a stupid mistake Brian
made. ___________________________________________________________ 4. Do you have any time when you
can teach the kids homework? ___________________________________________________________ 5. Enlisting was a big step that
Keith can take. ___________________________________________________________ |
���
1.
Pearl has
some new gadgets that she would like to sell.
Pearl has some new gadgets to sell.
��������ػ�ó������������ҡ�Т��
2. I'm
looking for a place where we can stay for the holiday.
I'm
looking for a place for us to stay for the holiday.
�ѹ���ѧ�ͧ��ʶҹ�������Ѻ��ҷ��оѡ㹪�ǧ�ѹ��ش
3. That was a
stupid mistake Brian made.
That
was a stupid mistake to make/for Brian to make.
����繤����Դ��Ҵ�������ҷ�����ѹ��
4. Do
you have any time when you can teach the kids homework?
Do
you have any time to teach the kids homework?
�س�����ҷ����͹��ú�ҹ�١����
5.
Enlisting
was a big step that Keith can take.
Enlisting
was a big step for Keith to take.
�������繷����繡��Ƿ������Ë���ո���з�
Grammar: gerund and
infinitives after be
gerund ��� to-infinitive
����ö�ҧ�����ѧ verb to be ��������»�иҹ��
��ѡ���
�ç���ҧ |
������ҧ |
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�Ҿ�ҡ http://travels.kilroy.eu/flights/round-the-world-tickets infinitives - Subject + verb to be +
to-infinitive -
Subject + verb to be + not + to-infinitive ��иҹ�������ǡѺ goal, duty,
advice, suggestion � �ѡ�����ç���ҧ��� |
- My goal is to travel
around the world. ������¢ͧ�ѹ����Թ�ҧ�ͺ�š |
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Her purpose in life is to be successful in her business. �ش���ʧ��㹪��Ե�ͧ�ͤ�͡�û��ʺ���������㹸�áԨ�ͧ�� |
||||
-The
air traffic controller's advice was not to fly in this weather. ���йӢͧ���Ǻ����ҧ�ҡ�Ȥ������鹺Թ���Ҿ�ҡ��Ẻ��� |
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One of the student's duties is not to be lazy. ˹�ҷ�����ҧ˹�觢ͧ�ѡ���¹��͡���������¨ |
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gerund - Subject + verb to be +
gerund -
Subject + verb to be + not + gerund |
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Vivian's favorite activity is shopping. �Ԩ������������¹�ô��ҹ��͡�ê�ͻ��� |
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Kate's dream is winning the singing contest. �����ѹ�ͧष��͡�ê�С�û�СǴ��ͧ�ŧ |
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-The
biggest problem now is not having enough food. �Ñ�ҷ���Ë����ش㹵͹����͡��������������§�� |
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-Betty's
main obstacle is not having enough faith in herself. �ػ��ä��ѡ㹤�������稢ͧີ����͡������դ�����ѷ��㹵���ͧ�ͧ�� |
Rewrite the sentences according to
above structure. ����¹����¤���������ç���ҧ��ҹ�� |
1. The enemy will attack at night.
That is their strategy. ___________________________________________________________ 2. We should take turn cleaning the
toilets. That's my recommendation. ___________________________________________________________ 3. Beth gave me a suggestion. She
doesn't want to me to start the new business now. ___________________________________________________________ 4. Ben told me his goal. He will
know how to play guitar by December. ___________________________________________________________ 5. Kenneth always bites his nails.
It becomes his habit now. ___________________________________________________________ |
���
1.
The enemy will attack at night. That is their strategy.
The enemy's strategy is to attack at
night.
���ط��ͧ�ѵ�٤��������յ͹��ҧ�׹
2. We should take turn cleaning the
toilets. That's my recommendation.
My recommendation is to take turn
cleaning the toilets.
����йӢͧ�ѹ��ͼ�Ѵ��áѹ��ҧ��ͧ���
3. Beth gave me a suggestion. She
doesn't want to me to start the new business now.
Beth's suggestion is not to start the
new business now.
����йӢຸͧ����������������áԨ����͹���
4. Ben told me his goal. He will know
how to play guitar by December.
Ben's goal is to know how to play
guitar by December.
������¢ູͧ��ͨе�ͧ����Ը���蹡յ���������͹
�.�.
5. Kenneth always bites his nails. It
becomes his habit now.
Kenneth's habit is to bite his nails.
����¢ͧह๸��͡�áѴ���
Grammar: that-clause
after verbs of influencing/requesting
����¤����˹�ҷ���繤ӹ��
(noun clause) ����ö������ѧ����ҷ���ʴ��֧��������
(necessity) �����ʴ���������ͧ (requesting)
�Ҿ�ҡ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_061030-N-1328C-006_Cmdr._Craig_Bonnema,_Command_Surgeon_for_Combine_Joint_Task_Force_Horn_of_Africa_(CJTF-HOA),_checks_the_heart_of_a_Sailor_during_a_routine_physical_examination.jpg |
The
insurance company demanded that I have a
physical exam. ����ѷ��Сѹ�������仵�Ǩ�آ�Ҿ |
��ѡ���
�����㹡��������� advise
recommend
insist ask
(=request)
request
order command
suggest
urge |
|
�ç���ҧ |
������ҧ |
- Subject + verb 㹡������� + that-clause ������ that-clause
������ա�üѹ�� |
- My mother insisted that
I be home at ten. ���ͧ�ѹ�׹�ѹ���ѹ��Ѻ��ҹ�͹������ |
- I suggest Paul that he
practice for the competition. �ѹ�йӾ�����֡������Ѻ����觢ѹ |
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The mechanic advised Patricia not to buy too old car. ��ҧ����ö�й�ᾷ�����������ҫ���ö����Թ� |
Complete the sentences using the
presented structure above. ���������¤�������ó������ç���ҧ����ʹʹ�ҹ�� |
1.
The admiral commanded that
_________________________. 2.
The official policy orders us that (not) __________________. 3. My husband urged that ______________________________. 4. The medic strongly recommends
that Ted (not) __________. 5. Pete requested that James ___________________________. |
��µ�����ҧ�ӵͺ
1.
The admiral commanded that the unit hold the position.
��ҹ��¾��������������㹷����
2. The official policy orders us
that we not accept any gifts.
��º�¢ͧ�ҧ�Ҫ����������������Ѻ�ͧ��Ñ��
3. My husband urged that I get rid
of at least 30 pounds.
���բͧ�ѹ����ͧ���ѹ�ӨѴ���˹ѡ�͡��ѡ
30
�͹��
4.
The medic strongly recommends that Ted not smoke anymore.
ᾷ��ʹ���й����ҧ��ԧ�ѧ�������ԡ�ٺ������
5. Pete requested that James pay for our
dinner.
�շ�������������§�����������
Vocabulary: guessing
meaning from context
�ҧ������������繵�ͧ����Ѿ������ء���������㨤������� �Ӻҧ�ӷ����������������ö���Ժ� (context) ��������
�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.giftedguru.com/576/
Guess the meaning of the underlined
words by using context and write your definition in the right column. ���Ҥ������¢ͧ�ӷ��մ����������Ժ����� ������¹�ӹ�������س��ŧ�㹪�ͧ������ |
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1.
The reason you can't cut the meat is that you're using the blunt edge
of the knife. |
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2.
I and my flatmate alternate washing toilets� |
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3.
We should all chip in so we can have enough money to hold a party. |
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4.
I think we are going to be late. I will call the restaurant to confirm
my reservation. |
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5.
My grandfather is a veteran. He used to fight in WWII. |
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6.
The instructor briefed the military student about the next training. |
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7.
The shop doesn't carry that brand anymore. |
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8.
Olivia is really down today. She's upset about her test results. |
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9.
I still be in touch with my high school friends. |
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10.
I can't finish the assignment on time so I'm going to ask the instructor to extend
the due date. |
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��µ�����ҧ�ӵͺ
1.
The reason you can't cut the meat is that you're using the blunt edge of
the knife.
�˵ؼŷ��س���������������Фس���ѧ��ͺ�մ��ҹ�������
blunt
= not sharp
2.
I and my flatmate alternate washing toilets.
�ѹ������͹�����;ѡ��Ѵ�ѹ��ҧ��ͧ���
alternate
= take turn
3.
We should all chip in so we can have enough money to hold a party.
��ҷء���������ŧ�ѹ
��Ҩ������Թ��仨Ѵ������
chip
in = contribute
4.
I think we are going to be late. I will call the restaurant to confirm
my reservation.
�ѹ��Ҿǡ����������
�ѹ������׹�ѹ��èͧ�Ѻ�ҧ��ҹ����á�͹
confirm
= make sure of
5.
My grandfather is a veteran. He used to fight in WWII.
���ͧ�ѹ�繷��ü�ҹ�֡ ��ҹ��ú�ʧ�����š���駷�� 2
veteran
= former military personnel
6.
The instructor briefed the military student about the next training.
������������ػ���ѡ���¹���ÿѧ�֧����ͧ��ý֡���駵���
brief = give information to
7. The shop doesn't carry that
brand anymore.
��ҹ�������������͹��������
carry = keep in stock
8. Olivia is really down today.
She's upset about her test results.
������������֡����ѹ��� ������㨡Ѻ�Ť�ṹ
down = discouraged, depressed
9. I still be in touch with my
high school friends.
�ѹ�ѧ�Դ��͡Ѻ���͹�����Ѹ������
be in touch with = keep contact
10. I can't finish the assignment on
time so I'm going to ask the instructor to extend the due date.
�ѹ�ӧҹ�ͺ�������
�ѧ��鹩ѹ�Т��Ҩ���������¡�˹����͡�
extend = make sth longer