Lesson 4

 


�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.cubbys.com/suggestion.asp

 

The best thing for you to do is to find a new chef.

��觷��շ���ش���س�з�����  �Ҿ�ͤ��Ǥ�����

 

Grammar: adjective clause reduced to to-infinitive phrase

����¤ restrictive adjective clause �������öŴ�ٻŧ���� to-infinitive ��  �������ö��� for + noun/pronoun ˹���ç���ҧ to-infinitive ��

��ѡ���

 

Restrictive adjective clause

To-infinitive phrase

Peter has a lot (that) he must learn.

Peter has a lot to learn.

Cathy is the person (who) you should consult.

Cathy is the person for you to consult.

I brought your favorite snack (which) we can eat it later together.

I brought your favorite snack (for us) to eat later together.

Do you know a place (where) I can buy a postcard?

Do you know a place to buy a postcard?

Wednesday is the only day (when) I can play sports.

Wednesday is the only day (for me) to play sports.

 

Rewrite the adjective clauses to to-infinitive.

����¹����¤���������ç���ҧ to-infinitive

1. Pearl has some new gadgets that she would like to sell.

___________________________________________________________

2. I'm looking for a place where we can stay for the holiday. 

___________________________________________________________

3. That was a stupid mistake Brian made.

___________________________________________________________

4. Do you have any time when you can teach the kids homework?

___________________________________________________________

5. Enlisting was a big step that Keith can take.

___________________________________________________________

 

 

���

 

1.       Pearl has some new gadgets that she would like to sell.

         Pearl has some new gadgets to sell.

��������ػ�ó������������ҡ�Т��

2.       I'm looking for a place where we can stay for the holiday.

         I'm looking for a place for us to stay for the holiday.

         �ѹ���ѧ�ͧ��ʶҹ�������Ѻ��ҷ��оѡ㹪�ǧ�ѹ��ش

3.       That was a stupid mistake Brian made.

         That was a stupid mistake to make/for Brian to make.

         ����繤����Դ��Ҵ�������ҷ�����ѹ��

4.       Do you have any time when you can teach the kids       homework?

         Do you have any time to teach the kids homework?

         �س�����ҷ����͹��ú�ҹ�١����

5.       Enlisting was a big step that Keith can take.

         Enlisting was a big step for Keith to take.

         �������繷����繡��Ƿ������˭���ո���з�

 

Grammar: gerund and infinitives after be

 

gerund ��� to-infinitive ����ö�ҧ�����ѧ verb to be ��������»�иҹ��

 

��ѡ���

�ç���ҧ

������ҧ


�Ҿ�ҡ http://travels.kilroy.eu/flights/round-the-world-tickets

 

infinitives

 

- Subject + verb to be + to-infinitive

- Subject + verb to be + not + to-infinitive

 

��иҹ�������ǡѺ goal, duty, advice, suggestion � �ѡ�����ç���ҧ���

- My goal is to travel around the world.

������¢ͧ�ѹ����Թ�ҧ�ͺ�š

- Her purpose in life is to be successful in her business.

�ش���ʧ��㹪��Ե�ͧ�ͤ�͡�û��ʺ���������㹸�áԨ�ͧ��

-The air traffic controller's advice was not to fly in this weather.

���йӢͧ���Ǻ����ҧ�ҡ�Ȥ������鹺Թ���Ҿ�ҡ��Ẻ���

- One of the student's duties is not to be lazy.

˹�ҷ�����ҧ˹�觢ͧ�ѡ���¹��͡���������¨

 


�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.barcelona-apartments.pro/barcelona-shopping-areas-around-b116-penthouse-gracia-apartment/

 

gerund

 

- Subject + verb to be + gerund

- Subject + verb to be + not + gerund

- Vivian's favorite activity is shopping.

�Ԩ������������¹�ô��ҹ��͡�ê�ͻ���

- Kate's dream is winning the singing contest.

�����ѹ�ͧष��͡�ê�С�û�СǴ��ͧ�ŧ

-The biggest problem now is not having enough food.

�ѭ�ҷ���˭����ش㹵͹����͡��������������§��

-Betty's main obstacle is not having enough faith in herself.

�ػ��ä��ѡ㹤�������稢ͧີ����͡������դ�����ѷ��㹵���ͧ�ͧ��

 

Rewrite the sentences according to above structure.

����¹����¤���������ç���ҧ��ҹ��

1. The enemy will attack at night. That is their strategy.

___________________________________________________________

2. We should take turn cleaning the toilets. That's my recommendation.

___________________________________________________________

3. Beth gave me a suggestion. She doesn't want to me to start the new business now.

___________________________________________________________

4. Ben told me his goal. He will know how to play guitar by December.

___________________________________________________________

5. Kenneth always bites his nails. It becomes his habit now.

___________________________________________________________

 

 

���

 

1. The enemy will attack at night. That is their strategy.

The enemy's strategy is to attack at night.

���ط��ͧ�ѵ�٤��������յ͹��ҧ�׹

 

2. We should take turn cleaning the toilets. That's my recommendation.

My recommendation is to take turn cleaning the toilets.

����йӢͧ�ѹ��ͼ�Ѵ��áѹ��ҧ��ͧ���

 

3. Beth gave me a suggestion. She doesn't want to me to start the new business now.

Beth's suggestion is not to start the new business now.

����йӢຸͧ����������������áԨ����͹���

 

4. Ben told me his goal. He will know how to play guitar by December.

Ben's goal is to know how to play guitar by December.

������¢ູͧ��ͨе�ͧ����Ը���蹡յ���������͹ �.�.

 

5. Kenneth always bites his nails. It becomes his habit now.

Kenneth's habit is to bite his nails.

����¢ͧह๸��͡�áѴ���

 

Grammar: that-clause after verbs of influencing/requesting

 

����¤����˹�ҷ���繤ӹ�� (noun clause) ����ö������ѧ����ҷ���ʴ��֧�������� (necessity) �����ʴ���������ͧ (requesting)

 


�Ҿ�ҡ

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_061030-N-1328C-006_Cmdr._Craig_Bonnema,_Command_Surgeon_for_Combine_Joint_Task_Force_Horn_of_Africa_(CJTF-HOA),_checks_the_heart_of_a_Sailor_during_a_routine_physical_examination.jpg

 

 

The insurance company demanded that I have

a physical exam.

 

����ѷ��Сѹ�������仵�Ǩ�آ�Ҿ

 

��ѡ���

 

�����㹡���������

advise                                 recommend                               insist

ask (=request)                      request                                     order

command                            suggest                                     urge

�ç���ҧ

������ҧ


�Ҿ�ҡ http://tiannamae.blogspot.com/2011/06/summer-rewards-program-part-two-were.html

 

- Subject + verb 㹡������� + that-clause

 

 

������ that-clause ������ա�üѹ��

- My mother insisted that I be home at ten.

���ͧ�ѹ�׹�ѹ���ѹ��Ѻ��ҹ�͹������

- I suggest Paul that he practice for the competition.

�ѹ�йӾ�����֡������Ѻ����觢ѹ

- The mechanic advised Patricia not to buy too old car.

��ҧ����ö�й�ᾷ�����������ҫ���ö����Թ�

 

Complete the sentences using the presented structure above.

���������¤�������ó������ç���ҧ����ʹʹ�ҹ��

1. The admiral commanded that  _________________________.

2. The official policy orders us that (not) __________________.

3. My husband urged that  ______________________________.

4. The medic strongly recommends that Ted (not) __________.

5. Pete requested that James ___________________________.

 

 

��µ�����ҧ�ӵͺ

 

1. The admiral commanded that the unit hold the position.

��ҹ��¾��������������㹷����

2. The official policy orders us that we not accept any gifts.

��º�¢ͧ�ҧ�Ҫ����������������Ѻ�ͧ��ѭ��

3. My husband urged that I get rid of at least 30 pounds.

���բͧ�ѹ����ͧ���ѹ�ӨѴ���˹ѡ�͡��ѡ 30 �͹��

4. The medic strongly recommends that Ted not smoke anymore.

ᾷ��ʹ���й����ҧ��ԧ�ѧ�������ԡ�ٺ������

5.  Pete requested that James pay for our dinner.

�շ�������������§�����������

 

Vocabulary: guessing meaning from context

�ҧ������������繵�ͧ����Ѿ������ء���������㨤�������  �Ӻҧ�ӷ����������������ö���Ժ� (context) ��������

 


�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.giftedguru.com/576/

 

Guess the meaning of the underlined words by using context and write your definition in the right column.

���Ҥ������¢ͧ�ӷ��մ����������Ժ�����  ������¹�ӹ�������س��ŧ�㹪�ͧ������

1. The reason you can't cut the meat is that you're using the blunt edge of the knife.

 

2. I and my flatmate alternate washing toilets�

 

3. We should all chip in so we can have enough money to hold a party.

 

4. I think we are going to be late. I will call the restaurant to confirm my reservation.

 

5. My grandfather is a veteran. He used to fight in WWII.

 

6. The instructor briefed the military student about the next training.

 

7. The shop doesn't carry that brand anymore.

 

8. Olivia is really down today. She's upset about her test results.

 

9. I still be in touch with my high school friends.

 

10. I can't finish the assignment on time so I'm going to ask the instructor to extend the due date.

 

 

��µ�����ҧ�ӵͺ

 

1. The reason you can't cut the meat is that you're using the blunt edge of the knife.

�˵ؼŷ��س���������������Фس���ѧ��ͺ�մ��ҹ�������

blunt = not sharp

2. I and my flatmate alternate washing toilets.

�ѹ������͹�����;ѡ��Ѵ�ѹ��ҧ��ͧ���

alternate = take turn

3. We should all chip in so we can have enough money to hold a party.

��ҷء���������ŧ�ѹ  ��Ҩ������Թ��仨Ѵ������

chip in = contribute

4. I think we are going to be late. I will call the restaurant to confirm my reservation.

�ѹ��Ҿǡ����������  �ѹ������׹�ѹ��èͧ�Ѻ�ҧ��ҹ����á�͹

confirm = make sure of

5. My grandfather is a veteran. He used to fight in WWII.

���ͧ�ѹ�繷��ü�ҹ�֡ ��ҹ��ú�ʧ�����š���駷�� 2

veteran = former military personnel

6. The instructor briefed the military student about the next training.

������������ػ���ѡ���¹���ÿѧ�֧����ͧ��ý֡���駵���

brief = give information to

7. The shop doesn't carry that brand anymore.

��ҹ�������������͹��������

carry = keep in stock

8. Olivia is really down today. She's upset about her test results.

������������֡����ѹ���  ������㨡Ѻ�Ť�ṹ

down = discouraged, depressed

9. I still be in touch with my high school friends.

�ѹ�ѧ�Դ��͡Ѻ���͹�����Ѹ������

be in touch with = keep contact

10. I can't finish the assignment on time so I'm going to ask the instructor to extend the due date.

�ѹ�ӧҹ�ͺ�������  �ѧ��鹩ѹ�Т��Ҩ���������¡�˹����͡�

extend = make sth longer