Lesson 1
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Students
are not allowed to text in class. �ѡ���¹������Ѻ͹Øҵ����觢�ͤ����� |
Grammar: permission
��ú͡��������Ѻ͹Øҵ������������ö���ç���ҧ
be allowed/permitted to ��
��ѡ���
You are allowed to go home. |
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�ç���ҧ |
������ҧ |
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Subject + be (not) allowed
to + verb Subject + be (not) permitted
to + verb |
-Only authorized officers are allowed to enter
the restricted areas. ੾�����˹�ҷ�������Ѻ����ͺ�ӹҨ�������ö����㹾�鹷���ǧ������ -All
military students are permitted to wear civilian attire for the field trip
tomorrow. �ѡ���¹���÷��������Ѻ͹Øҵ������ش�����͹价�ȹ�֡���ѹ���觹�� -You are not allowed to take pictures in this
building. �س������Ѻ͹Øҵ�������ٻ㹵֡��� |
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Asking Permission |
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�ç���ҧ |
������ҧ |
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Be + subject +
allowed/permitted...? |
- Are we allowed to park here? ������Ѻ͹Øҵ���ʹ�ç������������ - Were they permitted to take last week off? �ǡ�����Ѻ͹Øҵ�����ش�ҷԵ��������������� - Will female officers be permitted to serve in
combat roles? ��·���Ëԧ�����Ѻ͹Øҵ��黯Ժѵԧҹ㹺��ҷ�ҧ���ú�͹Ҥ�������� |
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�Ҿ�ҡ http://usnavyjagcorps.wordpress.com/tag/washington-navy-yard/ - Can + subject + v.���ѹ...? - Could + subject + v.���ѹ...? - May + subject + v.���ѹ...? |
- Can the new officer report himself to the CO
(Commanding Officer) now? ��·�����������ö�����§ҹ��ǡѺ���ѧ�Ѻ������͵͹������������ - Could the patient be discharged today? ��������ö�͡�ҡ�ç��Һ���ѹ������������ - May I make a request for traveling allowance? �����ԡ�����������§�Թ�ҧ��������� |
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�Ҿ�ҡ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RAAF_Point_Cook_Officers_Mess.jpg - Is it okay if +
sentence...? - Do you mind if +
sentence...? |
- Is it okay if I leave the office earlier? �����������Ҽ����͡�ҡ���ӧҹ���ǡ��һ��� - Do you mind if I stop by the Officers' Mess
before we go to lunch outside? �س��������������Ҽ��Т���з��������Ñ�Һѵá�͹����͡仡Թ���ǡ�ҧ�ѹ��ҧ�͡�ѹ������� |
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- Would you mind if +
subject + v.(2)...? |
- Would you mind if I brought my wife to the
unit's dining-in? �س���ѧ��¨�����Ҽ���������ҧҹ����§�Ѻ�ͧ���� |
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-
I wonder if I could + v.���ѹ |
- I wonder
if I could take photograph in the museum? ��ʧ�����Ҽ�����ö�����Ҿ㹾ԾԸ�ѳ��������������Ѻ |
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Giving Permission |
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�ç���ҧ |
������ҧ |
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-
Sure, go ahead. -
Sure, (it's) okay. -
Sure, no problem. -
No, I don't mind at all. -
Yes, of course. -
Yes, you (can/may). -
Of course. -
Certainly. |
A: Would
you mind if I brought my wife to the unit's dining-in? B: No, I
don't mind at all. - �س���ѧ��¨�����Ҽ���������ҧҹ����§�Ѻ�ͧ���� - �����¤�Ѻ |
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Denying Permission |
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�ç���ҧ |
������ҧ |
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�Ҿ�ҡ
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/irene-s-levine/7-tips-for-saying-no-to-a_b_828759.html -
Sorry. -
Sorry, (it's) not allowed/permitted. -
I'm sorry, but... -
I wish you wouldn't. -
Sorry, I can't. -
(No) I'm afraid not. -
Please don't. |
A: I wonder
if I could take photograph in the museum? B: Sorry,
it's not permitted. - ��ʧ�����Ҽ�����ö�����Ҿ㹾ԾԸ�ѳ��������������Ѻ - ���ɤ�Ѻ �����Ҿ������Ѻ |
Match the permission asking sentences to the correct
replies. ���Ѻ������¤��͹Øҵ�Ѻ����¤�ͺ����ʹ���ͧ�ѹ |
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1. Are we
permitted to swim here? |
a. I
wish you wouldn't. I have just enough cash for my lunch. |
2. Would
you mind if I played the piano now? |
b. Certainly. I don't have any plan tonight. |
3. May I
borrow your white uniform for the function tomorrow? |
c. Sorry. The seat has been taken. |
4. Could
you lend me some money? |
d. I'm afraid food is not permitted in the
room. |
5. Is it ok if my son stay
with you tonight? I have something to do. |
e. Certainly, you have traveled a lot. You must
know some good places. |
6. Do you
mind if I sit with you? |
f. Sure, no
problem. As long as you can pass the audition. |
7. I wonder
if I could join the volleyball team? |
g. I'm sorry, but I need it too. |
8. Can I
choose the place to stay for our holiday? |
h. Yes, you may. They will be more useful there
for the kids. |
9. Are we
allowed to bring any food in the meeting room? |
i.
No, I don't mind at all. I love music. |
10. May I give these magazines to the school's
library? |
j. Please don't. The current is dangerous in
this area. |
���
1. Are we
permitted to swim here? j. Please don't. The current is dangerous in
this area. �������Ѻ͹Øҵ������¹�ӵç���������� ����Ҥ�Ѻ����ͧ
����ʹ���ѹ�����ҡ����dz��� |
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2. Would
you mind if I played the piano now? i.
No, I don't mind at all. I love music. ��س���ѧ��¨��������Ҽ���������⹵͹��� ������¤�� �ѹ�ѡ���§�ŧ" |
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3. May I
borrow your white uniform for the function tomorrow? g. I'm
sorry, but I need it too. ������������ͧẺ���Ԣ������Ѻ�ҹ�ѹ���觹�������� ����ɹ� �����ͧ������͹�ѹ" |
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4. Could
you lend me some money? a. I
wish you wouldn't. I have just enough cash for my lunch. ��س���ѹ����Թ������ �����ѧ��Ҥس����������
���м����Թ����������á�ҧ�ѹ�ͧ����ҹ��" |
�Ҿ�ҡ http://3goals3years.com/lending-money-to-friendsfamily/ |
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5. Is it ok if my son stay
with you tonight? I have something to do. b. Certainly. I don't have any plan tonight. ������������Ҽ��ҡ�١������Ѻ�س�׹��� ���պҧ���ҧ��ͧ�Ӕ ������ �������Ἱ���ä׹���" |
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6. Do you
mind if I sit with you? c. Sorry. The seat has been taken. ����ѧ��¨�����Ҽ���觡Ѻ�س� ����ɤ�� �ç����դ��������" |
�Ҿ�ҡhttp://lissgallery.com/?page_id=413
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7. I wonder
if I could join the volleyball team? f.
Sure, no problem. As long as you can pass the audition. ��ԩѹʧ�����Ҵԩѹ����ҷ���������������������ҤД �����¤�� ����ջÑ�� ��Һ��ҷ��س����ö��ҹ��äѴ���͡��" |
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8. Can I
choose the place to stay for our holiday? e. Certainly, you have traveled a lot. You must
know some good places. ��ͼ��繤����͡���ѡ����Ѻ���仾ѡ��͹�ѹ��ش��ͧ�ǡ������������ ������¤�� �س�Թ�ҧ���¤����ѡ���ѡ�������" |
�Ҿ�ҡhttp://www.publicdomainpictures.net/view-image.php?image=4441 |
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9. Are we
allowed to bring any food in the meeting room? d. I'm afraid food is not permitted in the
room. ��������ö������������ͧ��Ъ����������� ����ç�������è�������Ѻ͹Øҵ�����������ͧ��Ѻ" |
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10. May I give these magazines to the school's
library? h. Yes, you may. They will be more useful there
for the kids. ��ѹ��ҹԵ���þǡ���������ͧ��ش�ç���¹��������� ����
�ѹ���繻���ª��Ѻ��������ҡ����" |
�Ҿ�ҡhttp://bottosblog.blogspot.com/2012/01/by-nook-or-by.html |
Grammar: Review of Progressives
Progressive
���ͺҧ�����Ҩ���¡��� Continuous ��� ������Ѻ���͸Ժ�¶֧��觷����ѧ���Թ���� � ���ҹ�� � �������
tense �����ѡɳз��ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ
�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?134689-Today-s-Pix!-Friday-May-23rd-2008/page3 |
The
soldier is paying respect to the US national flag now. ���ä���鹡��ѧ�Ӥ�����þ���ҵ�����ԡѹ���袳й�� |
��ѡ���
The
Progressive |
ʶҹ��ó����� |
������ҧ |
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Present Subject +
v. Be (1) + v.ing
�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.qe2foundation.com/en/home/now/default.aspx |
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����͡���Ƕ֧��á�з������˵ء�ó����Դ��������§�Ѻ���ҷ��ٴ |
-
We are studying progressives now. ��ҡ��ѧ�֡��
progressives
�ѹ���� |
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����͡���Ƕ֧��á�з������˵ء�ó����Դ���
� �Ѩ�غѹ ��д��Թ�������������˹�� |
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My parents are living in Chiang Mai. ������ͧ���������������§���� |
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����͡���Ƕ֧��á�зӷ����Դ����͹Ҥ� |
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My wife is coming back from Australia. ����Ҽ����ѧ�С�Ѻ�Ҩҡ��������� |
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Past Subject +
v. Be (2) + v.ing
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����͡���Ƕ֧��á�з������˵ء�ó����Դ�����д��Թ����
� ���������˹���ʹյ |
-
At 9 o'clock this morning, the first year naval cadets were
receiving the punishment from their seniors. ���������
9 ���ԡ��������ҹ��
�ѡ���¹������ͪ�� 1
���ѧ���Ѻ���ŧ�ɨҡ��蹾��ͧ�ǡ�� -
I was having a meeting with the commandant when the instructor
called me to report about the punishment. �
���ҷ����������§ҹ����ͧ���ŧ�ɹ��
�����ѧ��Ъ������Ѻ���Ñ�ҡ���ç���¹ |
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Future Subject +
will + v. Be + v.ing
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����͡���Ƕ֧��á�з������˵ء�ó�����Դ�����Шд��Թ����
� ���������˹���͹Ҥ� |
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The cadets will be taking a sea training in
this October. �ѡ���¹������ͨС��ѧ�֡�Ҥ�������͹���Ҥ���� -
All seamen will be participating the training throughout next week. �ŷ��è����������ý֡��ʹ�ѻ����˹�� |
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Present
Perfect Subject +
v. Have (1) + been + v.ing
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����͡���Ƕ֧��á�з������˵ء�ó������������ʹյ����ѧ���Թ����㹻Ѩ�غѹ
(���Թ������ͧ�ҵ�ʹ�����Դ��鹫���㹪�ǧ����˹�� |
-
The dog has been waiting for his owner at the front door since she
left this morning. ��ͧ����ѧ������ҹ�¢ͧ���������е�˹�ҵ�������͡�ҡ��ҹ��������ҹ�� |
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����͡���Ƕ֧��á�з������˵ء�ó������������ʹյ ���Թ��������� �����觨�����شŧ���ҹ |
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I have been completing the preparation for the new overseas posting. ��������稨ҡ�������������Ѻ˹�ҷ������
� ��ҧ����� |
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Past
Perfect Subject +
v. Have (2) + been + v.ing
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/8081294/Super-typhoon-Megi-hits-Taiwan-causing-landslides-as-45-inches-of-rain-falls-in-48-hours.html?image=6 |
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����͡���Ƕ֧��á�з������˵ء�ó������������ʹյ ���Թ���������
�������شŧ����ͺҧ����Դ����ҢѴ ���������Ҩ�д٤���¡Ѻ�
past
progressive ��ҹ�� ��� past progressive �к͡����ҡ��ѧ���������袳й����㹵�����ҧ��ҹ��
I
was having a meeting with the commandant when the instructor called
me to report about the punishment. �繡�ú͡�����
� ���ҷ����������§ҹ����ͧ���ŧ�ɹ��
�����ѧ��Ъ������Ѻ���Ñ�ҡ���ç���¹ ��ǹpast perfect
progressive ��鹨�����ҷ������������ҹҹ��Ҵ�˹��͹��������蹨��Դ�ҢѴ
��㹻���¤��ҹ���
���������Դ���������������ա���Թ�������ҧ������ͧ�������������ª��������͹�����ب�����ҷ�����ͧ��ش�Թ |
-
We had been marching for hours until the storm stopped us. ����Թ�ǡѹ���������ª����������з�觾����ҷ���������ش |
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Future
Perfect Subject +
will + have been +
v.ing
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����͡���Ƕ֧��á�з������˵ء�ó�
� ��ǧ���������˹���͹Ҥ� ��ҡ�á�з������˵ء�ó�ѧ������ѧ���Թ�����ҵ�����ͧ��ФҴ��ó���Ҩд��Թ�����͹Ҥ� |
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By 2043, HTMS Krabi, the proof to Thailand's
self-sufficiency in naval construction, will have been protecting our
home waters for 30 years. 㹻�
2043 �.�.����
���ͷ��������ͧ���٨����Ҥ�������ö��觾ҵ��ͧ㹴�ҹ��õ������
���黡��ͧ��ҹ��Ӣͧ����ҵ�ʹ���������� 30 �� |
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����͡���Ƕ֧��á�з������˵ء�ó����Ҵ��ҡ��ѧ���Թ�������ҧ������ͧ�͹Ҥ���͹�������ա�˵ء�ó�˹���Դ��� �˵ء�ó����Դ����ҢѴ����
present
simple tense (v1) ���� ���ᵡ��ҧ�ͧ
future
progressive ���
future
perfect progressive ������͹������������
past
perfect progressive ��觡���
future
perfect progressive ���鹡�á�зӷ�������ͧ |
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His dog will have been waiting for him for hours at the front door
when he arrives this evening. ��ͧ��Ңͧ�Ҥ��й��������������繪����������Ƿ���е�˹��������ҡ�Ѻ仵͹��繹�� |
Complete the sentences with the given verbs in the right
column and make sure they are in the correct progressive forms (-ing). ���ӻ���¤����ҹ���������ó���¡���������ҷ�������㹴�ҹ�������������ٻ
progressive ���١��ͧ |
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1. Since
the first day, Jim _____ every minute of working in the office until the
current boss came to the position last month. |
enjoy |
2. Sorry I
didn't hear your call. I _____ then. |
sleep |
3. My car
_____ apart since it reached its 10 year anniversary last year. |
fall |
4. By
January next year, the cadets _____ for 4 years. |
study |
5. The
party is taking place tonight. Therefore, right after office hours, all my
colleagues _____ the banners and decorations. |
hang |
6. Cathy
_____ the money through ATM when the power was down. |
transfer |
7. At this
very moment, the captain _____ his subordinates severely. |
punish |
8. Up until
now, the prisoner _____ that he committed the crime. |
refuse |
9. All
military personnel _____ for a minute of silence in the funeral of the fallen
soldiers tomorrow. |
stand |
10. The
outsourced personnel _____ the hull of the warship for a month already. We should
have done it ourselves. It would be done in no time. |
repair |
���
1. Since the first day, Jim had been enjoying every
minute of working in the office until the current boss came to the position
last month. ���ʹء�Ѻ�ء�ҷ�㹡�÷ӧҹ㹷��ӧҹ��������ѹ�á�����ҷӧҹ
����з���ѹ����¤��Ѩ�غѹ��������˹��������͹�������
�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/27/jobs-where-workers-hate-bosses_n_27683 ��͹���ͧ�� past
perfect progressive
�����繡������Ҩ��ʹء�Ѻ��÷ӧҹ�ҵ�ʹ������ѹ�á�ͧ��÷ӧҹ
(������ʹյ���Թ�����ҧ������ͧ) �����ʹء����������͹�¤��������ҷӧҹ�������͹������� (����ش�������Դ�˵ء�ó���蹢���ҢѴ) |
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2. Sorry I didn't hear your call. I was sleeping
then. ����ɷ��ѹ������Թ���س���� �ѹ���ѧ��Ѻ����
��͹���ͧ�� past
progressive �����繡�þٴ�֧������˹���ʹյ (�
���ҷ��س����) ��Ң�й����觷����ѧ���Թ������
�ѹ���ѧ��Ѻ |
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3. My car has been falling apart since it reached its
10 year anniversary last year. ö�ͧ�ѹ���ҡ��������ǹ�оѧ�����֧�շ��10 �����ͻշ������
�Ҿ�ҡhttp://footage.shutterstock.com/clip-3602282-stock-footage-beautiful-woman-trying-to-fix-broken-car-engine-on-the-street.html ��͹���ͧ�� present
perfect progressive
�������˵ء�ó���������ʹյ (�շ������������ѹ���ؤú 10 ��) ��д��Թ�����ҧ������ͧ���֧�Ѩ�غѹ (���ҡ�������ҵ�ʹ) |
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4. By January next year, the cadets will have been
studying for 4 years. ����Ͷ֧���Ҥ���˹��
�ѡ���¹�����������ҹ������֡���������� 4 ������
��͹���ͧ�� future
perfect progressive
�����繡�ú͡��� �
����˹���͹Ҥ� (���Ҥ���˹��) ����֡�ҹ������Թ�����ҧ������ͧ����������
4 ������ �� perfect (have + v.3) 㹷���������鹤���������ͧ�ѧ����� |
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5. The party is taking place tonight. Therefore, right after
office hours, all my colleagues will be hanging the banners and
decorations. �ҹ��������Դ��鹤׹��� �ѧ��� � ���ҷ�����ҧҹ���ŧ ���͹�����ҹ�ͧ�ѹ�ء���������蹻�����Тͧ����ʶҹ����ҧ�
�Ҿ�ҡhttp://www.123rf.com/photo_15784430_festive-new-year-office-party-office-workers-having-fun-with-accessories.html ��͹���� future
progressive �����ͧ��ѧ�ش˹���͹Ҥ� (��������ҧҹ���ŧ) ��觷��д��Թ���� � ���ҹ�鹤�� ������»�����Тͧ���� |
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6. Cathy was transferring the money through ATM when the
power was down. सա��ѧ�͹�Թ��ҹ����ͷ��������������俿�ҴѺ
�Ҿ�ҡhttp://money.howstuffworks.com/personal-finance/online-banking/deposit-checks-through-atm.htm ��͹����� past
progressive ���ͺ͡��觷����ѧ���Թ�����ʹյ
(���ѧ�͹�Թ)
㹢�з�����ա���˹���Դ����ҢѴ (俿�ҴѺ) |
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7. At this very moment, the captain is punishing his
subordinates severely. � ���ҹ�� �����͡��ҹ��鹡��ѧŧ�ɼ����ѧ�Ѻ�Ñ�Ңͧ�����ҧ˹ѡ
��͹���� present
progressive ���оٴ�֧��觷����ѧ���Թ���� � ���ҹ�� (at this very moment) |
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8. Up until now, the prisoner has been refusing that
he committed the crime. ����з�觺Ѵ���
�ѡ�ɡ��ѧ����ʸ����ҡ���Ҫ�ҡ������
��͹���� present
perfect progressive ���оٴ�֧��觷����Թ�ҵ�ʹ�����ʹյ���֧�Ѩ�غѹ
��蹤�͡�û���ʸ����Ѻ����繤�����Ҫ�ҡ��� |
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9. All military personnel will be standing for a
minute of silence in the funeral of the fallen soldiers tomorrow. �ѹ���觹����÷ء��¨��׹��������ʧ����������˹�觹ҷ�㹾Ը�Ⱦ�ͧ���÷�����ª��Ե
�Ҿ�ҡ http://metro.co.uk/2013/07/12/gallery-military-funeral-for-murdered-soldier-lee-rigby-3880138/ay_114076325-jpg/ ��͹�� �� future
progressive ����ͤҴ��ó�������˹�����㴨С��ѧ���Թ����
(�С��ѧ�׹��������)
㹨ش�����͹Ҥ� (㹾Ը�Ⱦ�ѹ���觹��) |
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10. The outsourced personnel have been repairing the
hull of the warship for a month already. We should have done it ourselves. It
would be done in no time. �ؤ�ҡ���¹͡����ҧ�ҹ��������ӵ��������������˹����͹�����ѧ������� ��Ҥ�è����繤������ͧ �ѹ��Ҩ���������������ҹ
�Ҿ�ҡhttp://www.lbshipping.com/index.php?id=51 ��͹���� present
perfect progressive
�����繡�á�зӷ�������ͧ������������
1 ��͹����
����ѧ�����Թ���� |
Grammar: Suffix -y
����Һҧ�������ö����¹����繹���� ����� -y ������¤�
|
She
always has her camera in case there's something she wants to photograph.
She takes his photography very seriously. ���ѡ���ա��ͧ�Դ�����������觷������ҡ�����Ҿ��� �ͨ�ԧ�ѧ�Ѻ��ö����Ҿ�ҡ |
Complete the sentences with the words in the right column
and make sure they are in the correct part of speech. ���ӻ���¤����ҹ���������ó���¡������ӷ�������㹴�ҹ�������������ٻ���١��ͧ
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1. We
thought it might be difficult for Ken to _____ from the accident, but his
_____ is impressively speedy. |
recover |
2. Michael
Faraday _____ how to develop electric motor. This _____ has made our lives
easier. |
discover |
3. The
reporters want to _____ about our new project. Can you help them with their
_____ ? |
inquire |
4. It is
crucial to _____ the weapon correctly. The inaccurate _____ will cause fatal
damage to the crew. |
assemble |
5. Can you
arrange to have the bouquet _____ to my girlfriend? It's her birthday today
so the _____ needs to be done this morning. |
deliver |
���
1. We
thought it might be difficult for Ken to recover from the accident,
but his recovery is impressively speedy. ��ҤԴ����ѹ��������ͧ�ҡ���ह�п�鹵�Ǩҡ�غѵ��˵�
���ÿ�鹵�Ǣͧ�ҡ�Ѻ������ҧ�Ǵ���ǹ�һ�зѺ� |
�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.thayerip.com/patient-gallery |
|||
2. Michael
Faraday discovered how to develop electric motor. This discovery
has made our lives easier. �����
�������鹾��Ըա�����ҧ������俿�� ��ä鹾����������Ե��ҧ��¢�� ���ͧ�ҡ�������鹾���觹���ʹյ discover �֧�繪�ͧ
2
(past simple) |
�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.hydro.mb.ca/education/hazard_hamlet/science/pioneers.html |
|||
3. The
reporters want to inquire about our new project. Can you help them
with their inquiry ? �ѡ������ҡ�ѡ���������º�Ѻ�ç����ѹ���� �س���µͺ��ͫѡ����ͧ�ǡ�ҷ� ����ͨ�����¹����ҡ���������ŧ���´���
e
���Ѵ
e
��駡�͹�����
y |
�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.aiche.org/resources/chemeondemand/webinars/media-training-and-public-outreach-getting-message-across |
|||
4. It is
crucial to assemble the weapon correctly. The inaccurate assembly
will cause fatal damage to the crew. �ѹ������ͧ�ӤÑ���е�ͧ��Сͺ���ظ���١��ͧ
��û�Сͺ���Դ�С������Դ����������¶֧���Ե����١��� ����ͨ�����¹����ҡ���������ŧ���´���
e
���Ѵ
e
��駡�͹�����
y |
|
|||
5. Can you
arrange to have the bouquet delivered to my girlfriend? It's her
birthday today so the delivery needs to be done this morning. �س���¨Ѵ�������ʹ͡������觶֧Ό������� �ѹ����ѹ�Դ��
�ѧ��鹡�èѴ�觨��繵�ͧ��������ҹ�� �������÷����������� ������ٻ have
something done �ѧ���
delivered
�֧���繷��е�ͧ�繪�ͧ
3 |
�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.hdwallpaperspics.com/rose-bouquet-hd-wallpapers.html |
Reading: Main idea and
details
����ӤÑ㹡����ҹ��С����¹��͡���к�㨤����ӤÑ�ͧ����ͧ
(Main Ideas) ��觨��繵�Ǥ���ç����ͧ������ �����ŷء���ҧ����ҡ�������ǹ��������������ͷ�����¡�ѹ���
supporting details �ͧ㨤����ӤÑ��� �
��������˹���ѡ���ջ���¤���͡㨤����ӤÑ�ͧ���˹�ҹ������� ���¡���
topic sentence ��觻���¤����Ҩ�������ç�˹����ͧ���˹�� ���辺���¤�ͻ���¤�á
���ͻ���¤�ش���� �ͧ�ͧ�� topic sentence ����˹�ҵ��仹��
There are several steps that need to be taken to make
America a land of equal opportunity for all. One is to make sure that all
people are treated fairly under the law. For example, there must not be one
treatment for the Chinese-Americans, another for the African-Americans, and
still another for the Mexican-Americans. Another step is to make sure that
all people are treated fairly in job training and in chances for employment.
For instance, in the past there were some labor unions that would not accept
black people as apprentices. Still another important step is to make sure
that everyone has an equal opportunity to get an education. This means that
there must not be a system whereby some schools in a city get most of the new
equipment and textbooks while others in the same city get the hand-me-downs.
By taking these steps, America could become a land of equal opportunity for
all. ��������ͧ�ҡ Yuangsri,
Nitaya. Reading Skills. Language Institute: Thammasat University Press, 1995. |
��ѡ���
��鹵͹ |
������ҧ |
1.�� Topic ������Ǣ������ͧ �¡�� ��Ҵ��µ��Ҥӷ���ҡ��������� |
㹷����ӷ���ҡ����¤��
-
America/American - equal -
opportunity - steps �֧��ػ�������Ǣ�ͧ͢����ͧ����Ҩ�����ǡѺ��鹵͹������餹����ԡ����Է����������ѹ |
2.�� Topic
sentence���ͻ���¤����ʴ�㨤�����ѡ�ͧ����ͧ
�¨��繡�ú͡�������ͧ���оٴ�֧ ��Ǣ�� ����topic (������
1) �㹷�ȷҧ�˹
(�ҧ���� �Ҩ������ա����¹ topic sentence ���Ѵਹ���
�����ҹ�е�ͧ��ҹ������ػ㨤����ӤÑ�ͧ) |
㹷����
����¤ topic
sentence �������㹻���¤�á ��� There are several steps that need to be taken to make
America a land of equal opportunity for all. �բ�鹵͹�������¢�鹵͹����ͧ��з����������������ԡ��繴Թᴹ��觤�����������ѹ�ҧ�͡�ʢͧ�ء�� ���㨤����ӤÑ�ͧ��������ͧ�ѧ�١���㹻���¤��ػ (Concluding sentence) ����繻���¤�ش���´��� By taking these steps, America could become a land of equal
opportunity for all. ����ͻ�ԺѵԵ����鹵͹����ҹ��
����ԡҨ����繻������觤�����������ѹ�ҧ�͡�ʢͧ�ء�� �ѧ����ҡ�� topic
sentence ����� �ͧ�ͧ�� concluding sentence �Ҩ�з��������
main idea ����¢�� |
3. ������� main
idea ���� �������� ��� ��������´��ǹ���� ���� details ��� details
�����ӴѺ�ͧ�����ӤÑ���� ��� - major details - minor details �»�������
minor details �ѡ���繡��¡������ҧ�ͧ major details �����繪Ѵਹ��� |
㹷���� major
details ��� steps ����
��鹵͹��ҧ � Major detail #1 - One is to make sure that all people are treated fairly
under the law. ������
��ͧ���������ҷء�����Ѻ��û�Ժѵ����ҧ�صԸ�������顮���� Major detail #2 - Another step is to make sure that all people are treated
fairly in job training and in chances for employment. �ա���˹�觤��
��ͧ���������ҷء�����Ѻ��û�Ժѵ����ҧ�صԸ��������ͧ��ý֡�ҹ
����͡��㹡�÷ӧҹ Major detail #3 - Still another important step is to make sure that everyone
has an equal opportunity to get an education. ����ѧ���ա˹�觢�鹵͹���
��ͧ���������ҷء�����Ѻ��û�Ժѵ����ҧ�صԸ���㹴�ҹ����֡�� ������� major
details �� minor details ʹѺʹع
Minor detail ����Ѻ#1 For example, there must not be one treatment for the Chinese-Americans,
another for the African-Americans, and still another for the
Mexican-Americans. ¡������ҧ��
��÷��е�ͧ����ա�û�ԺѵԵ�ͤ�����ԡѹ���ͪҵԨչẺ˹��
����ա�û�ԺѵԵ�ͤ�����ԡѹ���ͪҵ��Ϳ�ԡѹ�աẺ˹��
����ѧ���ա�û�ԺѵԵ�ͤ�����ԡѹ���ͪҵ���ꡫԡѹ�աẺ˹�� Minor detail ����Ѻ#2 For instance, in the past there were some labor unions that
would not accept black people as apprentices. ¡������ҧ��
�ʹյ�������Ҿ�ç�ҹ�ҧ�������Ѻ����Ǵ���ҽ֡�ҹ Minor detail ����Ѻ#3 This means that there must not be a system whereby some
schools in a city get most of the new equipment and textbooks while others in
the same city get the hand-me-downs. ������¶֧���
�е�ͧ������к����ҧ�ç���¹����ͧ���Ѻ�ػ�ó����˹ѧ������¹����� 㹢�з���ç���¹��������ͧ���ǡѹ���Ѻ˹ѧ�������ͧ |
���������������ѧ������� ����ö������¹�� outline chart ��������Ѵ���
�ѧ���
Topic: Equal opportunity
in America Topic Sentence: There are several steps that need to be
taken to make America a
land of equal opportunity for all. Major Detail #1: - One is to make sure that all people are treated fairly
under the law. Minor Detail #1: - For example, there must not be one
treatment for the Chinese-Americans, another for the African-Americans, and
still another for the Mexican-Americans. Major Detail #2: - Another step is to make sure that all people are
treated fairly in job training and in chances for employment. Minor Detail#2: - For instance, in the past there were
some labor unions that would not accept black people as apprentices. Major Detail #3: - Still another important step is to make sure that
everyone has an equal opportunity to get an education. Minor Detail #3: - This means that there must not be a
system whereby some schools in a city get most of the new equipment and
textbooks while others in the same city get the hand-me-downs. |
Writing: Outlining
�ҡ�����������ҹ�����
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ðºï¿½ã¨¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ó¤Ñ main idea
�����������´�����ʹѺʹع (supporting details) ���������˹ѡ�����Ͷ�����������Ҿ���
������ͧ�ӤÑ�������Ѻ�ҹ��ҹ��Чҹ��¹ 㹧ҹ��ҹ��Ҩо������к� main idea ��� details ��ҧ�����¹����� outline ���������繤�������ѹ��ͧ������ ���ǹ�ͧ�ҹ��¹ ��Ҩзӡ�Ѻ�ѹ ���
��Ҩ���������¡����¹ outline ��͹ �����������ŷ����Ҩ���¹�Ѵਹ����ʹ���ͧ�ѹ �·�������� outline ���
�����繵�ͧ��¹����������¤
Write a paragraph using the information from the following
outline. ����¹������˹�����˹������ outline ��ҹ��ҧ |
Topic Sentence: No one is perfect and neither is our
manager. Major Detail #1: - his weaknesses Minor Detail #1: - easily flattered Smaller Detail #1 - failing to differentiate the true
praise and flattering statements Minor Detail #2: - too trusting Smaller Detail #1 - been taken advantage of Minor Detail #3: - easily panicked Major Detail #2: - his strengths Minor Detail #1: - equipped with the ability to create new
methods Minor Detail #2: - determined Smaller Detail #1 - never stop to reach the goals Minor Detail #3: - attractive enough to make people loyal |
��µ�����ҧ�ӵͺ
Nobody is perfect and neither is our manager. He has several
weaknesses. To begin with, he is easily flattered. That is, he cannot tell
the difference between true praise and flattering statements made by others
only to gain his favor. Also, he is too trusting of people; many take
advantage of him. Furthermore, he often panics in tense situations. However,
he has many strong points which makes up for his
weak ones. He has a rare ability for making up new, efficient methods of
operation. He is a man with great drive. When he sets a goal for himself, he
never stops until he reaches it. Finally, he has a way of making people loyal
to him in spite of his many faults. ��������ͧ�ҡ Chalermpatarakul, Chuencheewee. Systematic Reading
1. Faculty of Liberal Arts: Thammasat
University Press, 2010. |
Vocabulary: guessing meaning from context
��Ժ� ���� context �Ъ������������㨤��Ѿ����
�·������ͧ�Դ���ҹء��
Guess the meaning of the underlined words using context and
write your definition in the right column. ���Ҥ������¢ͧ�ӷ��մ����������Ժ�����
�����¹�������·����ŧ�㹪�ͧ�ҧ������ |
|
1. This
movie is too scary. I can't bear to watch it anymore. |
|
2. The
sun's shining and the wind's blowing. It's ideal
weather for sailing. |
|
3. Another
player will substitute when the key player is sick. |
|
4. My
superior spoke to me concerning my performance. |
|
5. After
repairing a machine, you should dispose of the old, useless parts. |
|
��µ�����ҧ�ӵͺ
1. This
movie is too scary. I can't bear to watch it anymore. ˹ѧ����ͧ����ҡ����Թ� �ѹ���ٵ������������ |
tolerate |
2. The
sun's shining and the wind's blowing. It's ideal
weather for sailing. ����ҷԵ����ѧ��ͧ�ʧ ��������ѧ�Ѵ
�ѹ��ҧ����Ҿ�ҡ�ȷ�������������ͧ���� |
perfect |
3. Another
player will substitute when the key player is sick. �����蹤���蹨�ŧ᷹����ͼ�������ѡ���� |
replace |
4. My
superior spoke to me concerning my performance. ���ѧ�Ѻ�Ñ�Ңͧ����¡Ѻ������ǡѺ����ͧ����Է���Ҿ��÷ӧҹ�ͧ�� |
regarding |
5. After
repairing a machine, you should dispose of the old, useless parts. ��ѧ�ҡ��������ͧ¹���������� �س��èСӨѴ��������������������ª��� |
get rid of |