Lesson 3


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Even though made of heavy armor, the tank is maneuverable.

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Grammar: Reducing adverb clause of contrast to modifying phrase

����¤���·���˹�ҷ������ǹ���¡���� (adverb clause) ����ʴ������Ѵ��� (contrast �ѡ�Т�鹵鹴��¤���� even though, although, though, ��� even if) ����öŴ�ٻ����������շ������»�иҹ��  㹵�����ҧ��ҹ���繡��Ŵ�ٻ�Ҩҡ

 

Even though (it is) made of heavy armor,

the tank is maneuverable. 

 

�ѧ���  ���������ҡ��Ŵ�ٻ��ѡɳй��  ��� ��õѴ��иҹ (����繵�����ǡѹ�Ѻ��иҹ㹻���¤��ѡ) ������ be � adverb clause ����

 

Rewrite the sentences into the reduced adverb clause.

����¹����¤����ҹ���������ٻ  reduced adverb clause

1. Even if it's new, the car still needs a lot of modification.

___________________________________________________________

2. LTJG Smith survived from the sinking ship though he was without life jacket.  

___________________________________________________________

3. Although it was recently repaired, the chopper had a malfunction.

___________________________________________________________

4. Even though it is shallow, the river is still too dangerous to swim in .

___________________________________________________________

5. Though it is physically weaker, the pen is mightier than the sword.

___________________________________________________________

 

 

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1. Even if it's new, the car still needs a lot of modification.

Even if new, the car still needs a lot of modification.

�֧��������  ��ö�ѹ����ѧ��ͧ��û�Ѻ���ա�������ҧ


�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.pictures-of-cars.com/modified-cars.htm

2. LTJG Smith survived from the sinking ship though he was without life jacket.  

LTJG Smith survived from the sinking ship

though without life jacket.

�������Է���ʹ�ҡ���ͷ����֧�������������ͪ٪վ

 

 


�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.tapeka.com/canterbury.htm

 

3. Although it was recently repaired, the chopper had a malfunction.

Although it was recently repaired, the chopper had a malfunction.

�֧����������Ѻ��ë���  ���Ԥͻ�����ӹ����ѧ�ӧҹ�Դ����

 


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4. Even though it is shallow, the river is still too dangerous to swim in.

Even though it is shallow, the river is still too dangerous to swim in.

�֧�����Ҩе��  �������¹����ѧ�ѹ�����Թ价���ŧ�����


�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.flickr.com/photos/19365058@N06/4364147443/

 

5. Though it is physically weaker, the pen is mightier than the sword.

Though it is physically weaker, the pen is mightier than the sword.

�֧����ٻ��ҧ�дٺͺ�ҧ����  ��ҡ�ҷç��ѧ���ҴҺ�ҡ

 


�Ҿ�ҡ http://rezinate.wordpress.com/2012/08/page/2/

 

 

Grammar: adverbial connectives of contrast

����ʴ������Ѵ��駹͡�ҡ����� �ӷ����������Ǵ�ҹ��  �ѧ�յ������� (connectives)�����ա�������ö�ʴ������Ѵ��������ҧ 2 ����¤��  �ͧ�ٵ��ҧ��ҹ��ҧ

 

He concealed himself using many camouflage techniques;

even so,

however,

nevertheless,

nonetheless,

on the other hand,

regardless of that,

he was spotted by the enemy.


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He concealed himself using many camouflage techniques.

Even so,

However,

Nevertheless,

Nonetheless,

On the other hand,

Regardless of that,

he was spotted by the enemy.

 

Match the first part of the sentences with those in right column.

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1. Grace has 2 degrees in education.

a. Nevertheless, too many blasts can cause fatal damage to it.

2. The natural disasters recently occurring are unexpected.

b. on the other hand, there are not many people qualified.

3. Helicopters can suspend itself in the air without moving;

c. Regardless of that, the more frequent you climb, the more serious risk you will face.

4. Jim and Jake are proficient climbers;

d. Nonetheless, the permission to lift civilian car needs to be granted first.

5. The tank can withstand explosions.

e. Regardless of that, the military is ready to deal with all of them.

6. The aircraft can hoist heavy objects.

f. Even so, she hasn't got any teaching job.

7. The warfare has changed tremendously in this decade;

g. however, it cannot be for long as the fuel pumps are running dry.

8. The tank is covered with armor acting like a shield to the soldiers inside;

h. nevertheless, climbing the Everest mountains also needs luck.

9. There are many positions available for teachers;

i. however, our defense forces have constantly and accordingly adapted ourselves.

10. It is necessary for a good climber to practice to gain more experiences.

j. even so, they can be injured if it is hit by repeated blasts.

 

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1. Grace has 2 degrees in education. Even so, she hasn't got any teaching job.

�ë�ջ�ԭ�Ҵ�ҹ����֡�� 2 � ���͡��ѧ�����ҹ�͹���

2. The natural disasters recently occurring are unexpected. Regardless of that, the military is ready to deal with all of them.

��¸����ҵԷ���Դ㹪�ǧ��ѧ����ѡ�Դ�·��������ա�äҴ���ҡ�͹  ����á����������Ѻ��͡Ѻ�ѹ

3. Helicopters can suspend itself in the air without moving; however, it cannot be for long as the fuel pumps are running dry.

���Ԥͻ��������ö����ӹ��������ҡ��  ����������ö�������ҹ���й���ѹ���ѧ�����

4. Jim and Jake are proficient climbers; nevertheless, climbing the Everest mountains also needs luck.

������ਤ�繹ѡ�չ�ҷ���դ�������ö�ҡ  ���ûչ��͡�����������ʵ�ͧ��⪤���´���

5. The tank can withstand explosions. Nevertheless, too many blasts can cause fatal damage to it.

ö�ѧ���ç���Դ��  ����ⴹ���Դ������������ö�������Դ����������·�������ç��

6. The aircraft can hoist heavy objects. Nonetheless, the permission to lift civilian car needs to be granted first.

����ͧ�Թ����ö¡�ͧ˹ѡ���  ���è�¡ö�����͹��鹵�ͧ���Ѻ���͹حҵ��͹

7. The warfare has changed tremendously in this decade; however, our defense forces have constantly and accordingly adapted ourselves.

���ʧ����������¹�ٻẺ����ҧ�ҡ  㹷����ȹ��  ��ͧ�Ѿ�ͧ�ǡ��ҡ����Ѻ��������ҧ������������ʹ���ͧ�Ѻʶҹ��ó��ҧ�㹻Ѩ�غѹ

8. The tank is covered with armor acting like a shield to the soldiers inside; even so, they can be injured if it is hit by repeated blasts.

ö�ѧ��������������з���˹�ҷ������������Ѻ���÷�������ҧ�  ��ǡ���Ҩ���Ѻ�Ҵ���������ⴹ���Դ���ҧ������ͧ

9. There are many positions available for teachers; on the other hand, there are not many people qualified.

�յ��˹觤����ҧ�ҡ���  ����������դس���ѵԾ�

10. It is necessary for a good climber to practice to gain more experiences. Regardless of that, the more frequent you climb, the more serious risk you will face.

�ѹ������ͧ���繷��ѡ�չ�ҵ�ͧ���蹽֡�����������ʺ��ó�  ����觻չ�����������  ��������§���س��༪ԭ���ҡ����蹡ѹ

 

Grammar: prepositions of concession  and �no matter� followed by noun clauses

 

 

 


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My kid will never accept a gift from any stranger no matter how much it costs.

�١�ͧ�ѹ������շҧ�Ѻ�ͧ��ѭ�ҡ���š˹��  �������ѹ��ᾧ��Ҵ�˹

 

 

�͡�ҡ�������  �ѧ���Ըա�����㹡���ʴ������Ѵ��������ҧ 2 ��ͤ���  ��͡���� no matter ������ �ؾ�� in spite of / despite ��� regardless of  �ͧ�֡�Ҩҡ���ҧ��ҹ��ҧ

 

My kids will never accept a gift from any stranger

despite

in spite of

no matter

regardless of

how much it costs.


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Despite

In spite of

No matter

Regardless of

how much it costs,

my kids will never accept a gift from any stranger.

 

����� despite / in spite of / regardless of �ѧ����ö�����ա�Ը�  �ͧ�֡�ҵ��ҧ��ҹ��ҧ���

 

Luck is also needed to be able to climb the Everest mountains

despite

in spite of

regardless of

the fact (that) Jim and Jake are already proficient climbers.


�Ҿ�ҡ http://fineartamerica.com/featured/camouflage-warrior-semmick-photo.html

Despite

In spite of

Regardless of

the fact (that) Jim and Jake are already proficient climbers,

luck is also needed to be able to climb the Everest mountains.

⪤�ѧ����觨���㹡�ûչ������������ 

�֧���㹢���稨�ԧ��� ������ਤ���繹ѡ�չ�ҷ������ö����

(�֧���㹢���稨�ԧ��� ������ਤ���繹ѡ�չ�ҷ������ö����

⪤�ѧ����觨���㹡�ûչ������������)

 

Rewrite the sentences using the words in right column.

����¹����¤���仹������  �����㹪�ͧ��ҹ���

1. I'm enjoying my trip. I've had some problems.

___________________________________________________

regardless of whatever

2. Grace hasn't got any teaching job even though she has 2 degrees in education.

___________________________________________________

despite the fact

that

3. The tank is covered with expensive armor but it still can be destroyed.

___________________________________________________

regardless of how expensive

4. Lieutenant Winston had pushed himself very hard. He still failed to complete the SEAL course.

___________________________________________________

no matter how hard

5. Yut's weapon, his TV program, cannot actually kill any one. It, however, can destroy people's life.

___________________________________________________

in spite of the fact that

 

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1. I'm enjoying my trip. I've had some problems.

- Regardless of whatever problems I've had, I'm enjoying my trip.

- I'm enjoying my trip regardless of whatever problems I've had.

�����ҩѹ�о��Ѻ�ѭ�����á��� �ѹ��ʹء�Ѻ��Ի���


 

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2. Grace hasn't got any teaching job even though she has 2 degrees in education.

- Grace hasn't got any teaching job

despite the face that she has 2 degrees in education.

- Despite the face that she has 2 degrees in education,

Grace hasn't got any teaching job.

�֧�����ҵ������稨�ԧ�����ë���ջ�ԭ�Ҵ�ҹ����֡�Ҷ֧ 2 � 

�͡��ѧ�����ҹ�͹����˹���


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3. The tank is covered with expensive armor but it still can be destroyed.

- Regardless of how expensive armor it is covered with,

the tank is still can be destroyed.

- The tank is still can be destroyed

regardless of how expensive armor it is covered with.

������ö�ѧ�ѹ��鹨ж١���������������з��ᾧ�ҡ���˹ 

�ѹ���ѧ����ö�١������������


�Ҿ�ҡ http://www.inminds.com/article.php?id=10129

4. Lieutenant Winston had pushed himself very hard. He still failed to complete the SEAL course.

- No matter how hard he had pushed himself,

Lieutenant Winston still failed to complete the SEAL course.

-  Lieutenant Winston still failed to complete the SEAL course

no matter how hard he had pushed himself.

�������Ҩо������ҡ���˹ 

�����͡ �Թʵѹ���������ö����稡���֡����ѡ�ٵ� SEAL ��


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5. Yut's weapon, his TV program, cannot actually kill any one. It, however, can destroy people's life.

- In spite of the fact that it cannot actually kill any one, Yut's weapon,

his TV program, can destroy people's life.

- Yut's weapon, his TV program, can destroy people's life

in spite of the fact that it cannot actually kill any one.

�֧���㹢���稨�ԧ  ���ظ�ͧ�ط���觡�����¡�÷��բͧ�Ҩ��������ö����è�ԧ���  �ѹ���ѧ����ö����ª��Ե�ͧ��������


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